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Werner F Blum University Children’s Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Abdullah Alherbish Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Afaf Alsagheir King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Ahmed El Awwa Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar

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Walid Kaplan Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE

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Ekaterina Koledova Global Medical Affairs Endocrinology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

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Martin O Savage William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK

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Introduction The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis is the principle endocrine system regulating linear growth in children ( 1 ). Linked to the nutritional status of the individual, GH is a potent stimulator of IGF

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0099
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Fizzah Iqbal Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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William Adams Department of Radiology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Ioannis Dimitropoulos Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Samiul Muquit Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Daniel Flanagan Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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clearly differences in the presenting symptoms, there are few differences in the demographics or risk factors of the two groups. The endocrine and radiological features at presentation are similar. The subsequent course and radiological features at follow

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0545
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
M Krause Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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H Frederiksen Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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K Sundberg Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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F S Jørgensen Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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L N Jensen Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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P Nørgaard Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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C Jørgensen Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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P Ertberg Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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J H Petersen Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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U Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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A Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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K T Drzewiecki Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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N E Skakkebaek Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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A M Andersson Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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concentrations and birth outcomes, showing that season did not have any significant impact on the results (data not shown). Furthermore, as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) can be caused by several factors not related to endocrine factors, we repeated all

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0375
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 2
Open access
Ali Abbara Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Sophie Clarke Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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Pei Chia Eng Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

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James Milburn Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Devavrata Joshi Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Alexander N Comninos Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Rozana Ramli Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Amrish Mehta Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Brynmor Jones Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Florian Wernig Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Ramesh Nair Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Nigel Mendoza Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Amir H Sam Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Emma Hatfield Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Waljit S Dhillo Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Niamh M Martin Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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predisposing factors can be identified in 10–40% of cases ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ). These include hypertension, surgical procedures, head trauma, hypothalamic/pituitary stimulation tests, anticoagulation use and radiotherapy. Pituitary

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0255
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Lisette van Alewijk Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Kirsten Davidse Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Karlijn Pellikaan Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Judith van Eck Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Anita C S Hokken-Koelega Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Theo C J Sas Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Diabeter, National Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Sabine Hannema Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Aart J van der Lely Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Laura C G de Graaff Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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management ( 9 , 10 ). Understanding which factors increase SMS (and thus transition readiness) might help prevent part of dropout. Up to now, SMS and transition readiness have been mainly studied among AYA with non-endocrine diseases such as inflammatory

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0304
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Open access
Christos Tsatsanis Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece

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Angel Elenkov Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Irene Leijonhufvud Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Katerina Vaporidi Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Åsa Tivesten Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Aleksander Giwercman Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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hormones in immune responses and inflammatory diseases has been well established. Women are more prone to autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases than men ( 1 , 2 ). Several factors have been suggested as causes of the differences among men and women in

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0456
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Irasema Mendieta Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

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Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Departmento de Psicoimunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico

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Lenin Pavón Departmento de Psicoimunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico

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Alfredo Rodríguez-Cruz Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Guadalupe García-Alcocer Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Laura Cristina Berumen Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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various factors, including hormones and neurotransmitters. In the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the role of these factors as immunomodulators in bidirectional communication with the immune system ( 11 ). In some cancers, it has

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Maximilian Bielohuby Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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Martin Bidlingmaier Endocrine Research Laboratories, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Uwe Schwahn Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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variability summarizes the variability introduced into a measurement result by factors that are directly connected to the analytical method, such as the choice and specificity of antibodies, assay buffers, assay design (sandwich vs competitive), matrix

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0035
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Leyre Lorente-Poch Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Sílvia Rifà-Terricabras Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Juan José Sancho Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Danilo Torselli-Valladares Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

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Sofia González-Ortiz Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

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Antonio Sitges-Serra Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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, female gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking and previous stroke were associated with BGC; a low BMI and older age were identified as the most powerful predicting risk factors ( 13 ). It has been reported that alteration in calcium

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0387
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 10
Open access
E K White Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Faculty of Medicine Division 2, Internal Medicine Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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I V Wagner Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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C van Beuzekom Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Faculty of Medicine Division 2, Internal Medicine Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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V Iotova Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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S F Ahmed Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Paediatrics, UMHAT ‘Sveta Marina’ Varna, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria

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O Hiort Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A M Pereira Faculty of Medicine Division 2, Internal Medicine Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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patients with rare endocrine conditions. In our system usage statistics ( Fig. 2 ), we can see that the number of active users and panels has declined in 2021. Apart from the time factor which might be a strong hurdle to use the CPMS, the COVID-19

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0281
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access