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Zhengrong Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Linghong Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lijun Chen Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Bo Liang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuefeng Bai Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lizhen Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Huibin Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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had not yet undergone treatment for thyroid disease or ophthalmopathy. The exclusion criteria included hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, infection, other autoimmune disease, tumours, a history of immunosuppressive therapy within the last year

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0030
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Clara Lundetoft Clausen Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Linda Maria Hilsted Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Erik Skakkebæk Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pal Bela Szecsi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Lise Pedersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Thomas Benfield Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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patients with TSH concentrations <0.4 mIU/L. Many different cytokines have been linked to autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as IL-8 and IP-10, which in prior studies have been reported in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy ( 13 , 14 , 21 , 22 , 23

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0301
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access
Hauke Thomsen Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany

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Xinjun Li Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Kristina Sundquist Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan

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Jan Sundquist Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan

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Asta Försti Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany

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Kari Hemminki Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic

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-morbidity of at least two of the following three AIDs: AD, type 1 diabetes or autoimmune thyroid disease, but it may also include other AIDs ( 4 ). AD patients may present with multiple AIDs, irrespective of APS-2; among Norwegian and Swedish patients only less

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0328
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 11
Open access
Suvanjaa Sivalingam Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark

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Marianne Thvilum Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Thomas Heiberg Brix Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark
Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

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environmental triggers in a number of autoimmune diseases, including GD ( 11 , 12 ). Infections have been suggested to induce thyroid immunity by various mechanisms such as mimicking self-antigens, superantigen T-cell activation and inducing expression of human

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0185
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Brosschot JF & Wiersinga WM . Involvement of stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a prospective study . Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012 37 1191 – 1198 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.009 ) 70 Bastenie PA

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0259
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Qinglei Yin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Zhou Jin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Dalong Song Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Chenyang Fu Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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FengJiao Huang Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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frequency of follicular helper T cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2012 97 943 – 950 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2003 ) 6 Liu Y Yuan X Li X Cui D Xie J Constitutive

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0373
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 12
Open access
Sriharsha Gunna Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Mahaveer Singh Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Rakesh Pandey Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Rungmei S K Marak Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Amita Aggarwal Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Bibhuti Mohanta Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Liping Yu Barbara Davis Centre for Diabetes, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Eesh Bhatia Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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(9%) 0 0.52 Farming profession 19 (21%) 18 (45%) 0 0 1 (7%) <0.001 Autoimmune thyroid disease h,i 14/75 (19%) 2 (5%) b 0 d 12 (55%) 0 <0.001 Thyroid peroxidase antibody 23/69 (33%) 6/32 (19%) b 3

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0439
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Elin Kahlert Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Martina Blaschke Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Knut Brockmann Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Clemens Freiberg Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Onno E Janssen Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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Nikolaus Stahnke Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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Domenika Strik Endokrinologikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Martin Merkel Endokrinologikum Hannover, Hannover, Germany

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Alexander Mann Endokrinologikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

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Klaus-Peter Liesenkötter Endokrinologikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Heide Siggelkow Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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involvement 81 72 31 Unknown involvement 146 (57%) Thyroid function 257 (100%)  Autoimmune thyroiditis 95 37 37  Other thyroid diseases 8 3 3  No thyroiditis 154 60 60 Unknown

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0418
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 11
Open access
Qing Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Jianbin Su Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Xueqin Wang Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Mengjie Tang Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Yingying Gao Department of Rheumatology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Dongmei Zhang Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is characterised by the infiltration of thyroid antigen-specific T-cells into thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-expressing tissues ( 1 ). Its pathogenesis is

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0162
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Marta Fichna Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Piotr P Małecki Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Magdalena Żurawek Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Katarzyna Furman Ludwik Perzyna Regional Hospital, Kalisz, Poland

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Bolesław Gębarski Regional Outpatient Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland

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Piotr Fichna Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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of the autoimmune disease might be partially due to similar environmental exposures, but high concordance rates in monozygotic twins support substantial role of the genetic factors associated with the incidence of T1D, AD, and autoimmune thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0008
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access