Heleen I Jansen
Heleen I Jansen
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marijn M Bult
Marijn M Bult
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peter H Bisschop
Peter H Bisschop
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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the measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, possibly followed up with serum free thyroxine (fT4) concentration when TSH is above or below the reference interval. Once a thyroid disorder is diagnosed and treatment is
Mírian Romitti
Mírian Romitti
Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Vitor C Fabris
Vitor C Fabris
Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Patricia K Ziegelmann
Patricia K Ziegelmann
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ana Luiza Maia
Ana Luiza Maia
Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Poli Mara Spritzer
Poli Mara Spritzer
Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) (Retrieved August, 2017, from: www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp) was used to assess the quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis. The
Lauren Bell
Lauren Bell
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Ann Louise Hunter
Ann Louise Hunter
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Angelos Kyriacou
Angelos Kyriacou
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
CEDM Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Limassol, Cyprus
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CEDM Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Limassol, Cyprus
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Annice Mukherjee
Annice Mukherjee
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Akheel A Syed
Akheel A Syed
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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gonadotrophin (hCG) ( 4 ), and TSH-producing pituitary adenomas. Graves’ disease, the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism, has an annual incidence of 20–50 per 100,000 population, a peak incidence between 30 and 50 years of age, and a lifetime risk of 3% for
Qing Zhou
Qing Zhou
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Li Yong Zhang
Li Yong Zhang
Department of Thyroid Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Mei Feng Dai
Mei Feng Dai
Department of Clinical Lab, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Zhen Li
Zhen Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Chao Chun Zou
Chao Chun Zou
Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Hui Liu
Hui Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism has been defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal free thyroxine levels ( 1 ). Despite maintaining normal thyroid hormone levels, patients with subclinical
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Åse Krogh Rasmussen
Åse Krogh Rasmussen
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trine Holm Johannsen
Trine Holm Johannsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Linda Maria Hilsted
Linda Maria Hilsted
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pal Bela Szecsi
Pal Bela Szecsi
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Lise Pedersen
Lise Pedersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Thomas Benfield
Thomas Benfield
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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, 14 , 15 ), and recent studies have reported inverse correlations between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with COVID-19 ( 6 , 9 , 16 ). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate thyroid hormone involvement in the
Aglaia Kyrilli
Aglaia Kyrilli
Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.) - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Bernard Corvilain
Bernard Corvilain
Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.) - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Sofie Bliddal
Sofie Bliddal
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Hvidovre Hospital), Hvidovre, Denmark
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Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Hvidovre Hospital), Hvidovre, Denmark
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Dorthe Hansen Precht
Dorthe Hansen Precht
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Carelink Nærhospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Carelink Nærhospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kris Poppe
Kris Poppe
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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, 16 ). Current guidelines from the American Thyroid Association (published in 2017) recommend that TPOAb-positive euthyroid pregnant women should have measurements of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) every 4 weeks through the late 2nd
Boni Xiang
Boni Xiang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ran Tao
Ran Tao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinhua Liu
Xinhua Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoming Zhu
Xiaoming Zhu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Min He
Min He
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zengyi Ma
Zengyi Ma
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yehong Yang
Yehong Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhaoyun Zhang
Zhaoyun Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yiming Li
Yiming Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhenwei Yao
Zhenwei Yao
Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yongfei Wang
Yongfei Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hongying Ye
Hongying Ye
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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decreased iodine-131 (I 131 ) accumulation in the thyroid of euthyroid patients ( 3 ). Dexamethasone administration (16 mg daily for 2.5 days) was reported to reduce the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T3 (FT3) secretion and blunted the TSH
Giorgio Radetti
Giorgio Radetti
Pediatrics, Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Mariacarolina Salerno
Mariacarolina Salerno
Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chiara Guzzetti
Chiara Guzzetti
Pediatric Endocrinology, Ospedale Pedatrico Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’ – AOB Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Marco Cappa
Marco Cappa
Pediatric Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Roma, Italy
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Andrea Corrias
Andrea Corrias
Divisione di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Torino, Italy
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Alessandra Cassio
Alessandra Cassio
Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Graziano Cesaretti
Graziano Cesaretti
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Roberto Gastaldi
Roberto Gastaldi
Paediatric Department, Gaslini Hospital, Genova, Italy
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Mario Rotondi
Mario Rotondi
Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., ISPESL Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Fiorenzo Lupi
Fiorenzo Lupi
Pediatrics, Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Antonio Fanolla
Antonio Fanolla
Department of Biostatistics, Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Giovanna Weber
Giovanna Weber
Department of Pediatrics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Sandro Loche
Sandro Loche
Pediatric Endocrinology, Ospedale Pedatrico Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’ – AOB Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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started in patients with either subclinical (high TSH with normal fT4) or overt hypothyroidism (subnormal fT4 and increased TSH). There is no consensus on the timing to start or discontinue therapy based on TSH concentrations in children and adolescents
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biagio Cangiano
Biagio Cangiano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Central hypothyroidism (CeH) is a rare and heterogenous hypothyroid condition resulting from an insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland by the hypophyseal thyrotropin hormone (TSH). This loss of central
Bogumila Urgatz
Bogumila Urgatz
Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Kris G Poppe
Kris G Poppe
University Hospital CHU Saint Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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of TH at this time. The increase in TH occurs due to a mild activation of the TSH receptor by hCG (which bears structural similarities to TSH), resulting in increased levels of T3 and T4, and a consequent modest fall in TSH ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Increasing
