Xiuzhen Zhang
Xiuzhen Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ping Xu
Ping Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Shufen Yang
Shufen Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Qingmei Zhang
Qingmei Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Yan Wu
Yan Wu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Fengyi Yuan
Fengyi Yuan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Introduction Amongst the background of the rising incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) across the globe, public concern has reached a new high ( 1 ). Despite progress in diabetes care, as the leading cause of mortality in T1DM ( 2
Jun-Xin Yan
Jun-Xin Yan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Bin-Jing Pan
Bin-Jing Pan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ping-Ping Zhao
Ping-Ping Zhao
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Li-Ting Wang
Li-Ting Wang
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jing-Fang Liu
Jing-Fang Liu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Song-Bo Fu
Song-Bo Fu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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the difference in serum ferritin levels between the two groups was compared. The patients with T2DM with NAFLD were grouped according to the quintile levels of serum ferritin: F 1 (0–76.5 ng/mL), F 2 (76.5–117.88 ng/mL), F 3 (117.88–181.31 ng
Yuan Fang
Yuan Fang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xuehong Zhang
Xuehong Zhang
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Huilin Xu
Huilin Xu
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
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Stephanie A Smith-Warner
Stephanie A Smith-Warner
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dongli Xu
Dongli Xu
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
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Hong Fang
Hong Fang
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
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Wang Hong Xu
Wang Hong Xu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been associated with an elevated risk of liver, pancreas, endometrium, colorectal, breast and bladder cancers and a decreased risk of prostate cancer ( 1 , 2 ). Several possible mechanisms have been
W Liu
W Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Y Wang
Y Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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X Han
X Han
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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X Cai
X Cai
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Y Zhu
Y Zhu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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M Zhang
M Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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S Gong
S Gong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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J Li
J Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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L Ji
L Ji
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Introduction Chronic complications cause the largest proportion of deaths and increase in prevalence with the duration of the disease in long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1DM). ( 1 ) Indeed, the duration of diabetes and severity of hyperglycemia
Punith Kempegowda
Punith Kempegowda
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Eka Melson
Eka Melson
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Agnes Johnson
Agnes Johnson
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lucy Wallett
Lucy Wallett
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lucretia Thomas
Lucretia Thomas
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Dengyi Zhou
Dengyi Zhou
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Catherine Holmes
Catherine Holmes
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Agata Juszczak
Agata Juszczak
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Mohammed Ali Karamat
Mohammed Ali Karamat
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Sandip Ghosh
Sandip Ghosh
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Wasim Hanif
Wasim Hanif
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Parth Narendran
Parth Narendran
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Srikanth Bellary
Srikanth Bellary
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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times greater mortality from COVID-19 for those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 3.5 times in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to those without diabetes ( 2 ). Importantly, the majority of these deaths occurred in the elderly, and the
Taís S Assmann
Taís S Assmann
Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bianca M De Souza
Bianca M De Souza
Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Daisy Crispim
Daisy Crispim
Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by T lymphocytes and macrophages ( 1 ). The disease is usually diagnosed when over 80–90% of beta-cells have been destructed by
Sarantis Livadas
Sarantis Livadas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Christina Bothou
Christina Bothou
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Ralitsa Robeva
Ralitsa Robeva
Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Andromahi Vryonidou
Andromahi Vryonidou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Jelica Bjekic Macut
Jelica Bjekic Macut
Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ioannis Androulakis
Ioannis Androulakis
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Milica Opalic
Milica Opalic
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zadalla Mouslech
Zadalla Mouslech
1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Andrej Milewicz
Andrej Milewicz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Alessandra Gambineri
Alessandra Gambineri
Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy
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Dimitrios Panidis
Dimitrios Panidis
Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Djuro Macut
Djuro Macut
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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, accompanied by oligomenorrhea, dominate the clinical picture followed by metabolic disorders including dysglycemia and dyslipidemia later in life ( 1 ). Moreover, progression of normoglycemia to either intermediate hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has
Zhenyu Liu
Zhenyu Liu
Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
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Huixi Kong
Huixi Kong
Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Baoyu Zhang
Baoyu Zhang
Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
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Introduction According to recent statistics, 529 million people will have diabetes worldwide in 2021, and the global age-standardized total diabetes prevalence will be 6.1% ( 1 ). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most frequent form of
Rui Zhang
Rui Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xinmei Huang
Xinmei Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yue Li
Yue Li
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Zhiyan Yu
Zhiyan Yu
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yueyue Wu
Yueyue Wu
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Bingbing Zha
Bingbing Zha
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Heyuan Ding
Heyuan Ding
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Shufei Zang
Shufei Zang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Jun Liu
Jun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Introduction There is a close association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and iron overload ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The association between diabetes and iron metabolism in humans was first demonstrated by clinical observations of individuals
Stavroula A Paschou
Stavroula A Paschou
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou
Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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George P Chrousos
George P Chrousos
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents only around 10% of the diabetes cases worldwide, but occurs with increasing incidence much earlier in life. T1DM results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells of the endocrine
