Sommayya Aftab
Sommayya Aftab
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Diliara Gubaeva
Diliara Gubaeva
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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Jayne A L Houghton
Jayne A L Houghton
The Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Antonia Dastamani
Antonia Dastamani
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Ellada Sotiridou
Ellada Sotiridou
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Clare Gilbert
Clare Gilbert
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Sarah E Flanagan
Sarah E Flanagan
Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Anatoly Tiulpakov
Anatoly Tiulpakov
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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Maria Melikyan
Maria Melikyan
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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Pratik Shah
Pratik Shah
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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’-triphosphate (GTP) ( 5 , 6 ). Activated mutations in the GLUD1 gene lead to loss of this allosteric inhibition by GTP, which in turn increases leucine-induced glutamate oxidation to alpha-ketoglutarate, resulting in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia ( 7 ). This
David C Llewellyn
David C Llewellyn
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Royce P Vincent
Royce P Vincent
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Catherine Guy
Catherine Guy
Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton, UK
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Eftychia E Drakou
Eftychia E Drakou
Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy’s Cancer Centre – Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Simon J B Aylwin
Simon J B Aylwin
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Ashley B Grossman
Ashley B Grossman
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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John K Ramage
John K Ramage
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Obesity Immunometabolism and Diabetes Group, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Obesity Immunometabolism and Diabetes Group, King’s College London, London, UK
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symptoms identical to a neoplasm in the expected site of origin ( 4 , 6 , 7 ). Calcitonin (CTN) is secreted from parafollicular cells located in the thyroid gland, but also can be present in the lung, bladder, small intestine, liver, thymus and
Monia Cito
Monia Cito
Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Silvia Pellegrini
Silvia Pellegrini
Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Lorenzo Piemonti
Lorenzo Piemonti
Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Valeria Sordi
Valeria Sordi
Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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the first time an efficient in vitro protocol to differentiate ESC into insulin-producing cells mimicking in vivo pancreatic organogenesis. Novocell’s ESC-derived β cells yielded up to 7% insulin content but cells were not able to respond to
Dongyan Han
Dongyan Han
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Min Ding
Min Ding
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rongli Xie
Rongli Xie
Department of General Surgery, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhengshi Wang
Zhengshi Wang
Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guohui Xiao
Guohui Xiao
Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiaohong Wang
Xiaohong Wang
Shanghai Rigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
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Lei Dong
Lei Dong
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhiqiang Yin
Zhiqiang Yin
Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jian Fei
Jian Fei
Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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require no treatment ( 1 , 2 ). The goal of evaluation is to exclude malignancy, which occurs in 7–15% of cases depending on age, sex, radiation exposure history, family history, and other factors, and malignant nodules require surgery ( 1 , 4 ). The
Guoquan Zhu
Guoquan Zhu
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuying Deng
Yuying Deng
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liqin Pan
Liqin Pan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wei Ouyang
Wei Ouyang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Huijuan Feng
Huijuan Feng
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Juqing Wu
Juqing Wu
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pan Chen
Pan Chen
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jing Wang
Jing Wang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yanying Chen
Yanying Chen
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiaxin Luo
Jiaxin Luo
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40%, especially in patients with intermediate to high recurrence risk ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). Therefore, identifying the specific features of PTC that correlate with tumor behavior and prognosis has become an important consideration in clinical
Wenrui Wang
Wenrui Wang
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Chuan Zhang
Chuan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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urgently needed to prevent and treat this highly prevalent metabolic disorder. The study of β-cell maturation and physiology demonstrates the heterogeneity and plasticity of mature β-cell phenotypes and function ( 7 ). The three main β-cell phenotypes in
Leqi He
Leqi He
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoying Li
Xiaoying Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zaoping Chen
Zaoping Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wei Wang
Wei Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kai Wang
Kai Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinmei Huang
Xinmei Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qian Yang
Qian Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wencai Ke
Wencai Ke
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jun Liu
Jun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bingbing Zha
Bingbing Zha
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG), NIS, and TSH. NIS mediates the uptake and concentration of iodide ion, which is the first step of thyroid hormone synthesis ( 7 ), and this transporter is found in the human thyroid follicle substrate membrane ( 8 ). The
Jordyn Silverstein
Jordyn Silverstein
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wesley Kidder
Wesley Kidder
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Susan Fisher
Susan Fisher
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Thomas A Hope
Thomas A Hope
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Samantha Maisel
Samantha Maisel
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Dianna Ng
Dianna Ng
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Jessica Van Ziffle
Jessica Van Ziffle
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chloe E Atreya
Chloe E Atreya
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Katherine Van Loon
Katherine Van Loon
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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between the ages of 20–39, colon cancer rates have increased by 1 to 2.4% annually since the mid-1980s; among adults between ages 40 and 54, rates have increased by 0.5–1.3% annually since the mid-1990s ( 6 , 7 ). CRC in pregnant women is rare, with
Antonina Khoruzhenko
Antonina Khoruzhenko
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Françoise Miot
Françoise Miot
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Claude Massart
Claude Massart
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Jacqueline Van Sande
Jacqueline Van Sande
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Jacques Emile Dumont
Jacques Emile Dumont
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Renaud Beauwens
Renaud Beauwens
Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Alain Boom
Alain Boom
Laboratoire d’Histologie, de Neuroanatomie et de Neuropathologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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contacts, intrafollicular lumen structure, maintenance of polarization, and high functional activity of the initial cells ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). However, in this case, it is necessary to choose suitable culture conditions that could support long-term functional
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leif Karlsson
Leif Karlsson
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Valeria Messina
Valeria Messina
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lena Wallensteen
Lena Wallensteen
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Manuela Brösamle
Manuela Brösamle
European Patient Advocacy Group for Adrenal Diseases, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo ERN), Endo ERN Coordinating Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Giorgio Dal Maso
Giorgio Dal Maso
ArfSAG (Associazione Refionale Famiglie Sindrome Adreno Genitale) c/o Unita Operativa di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S Orsala-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Alessandro Lazzerini
Alessandro Lazzerini
Spanish Association of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Spain
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Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
ePAG & Chair of Danish Addison Patient Association, Aarhus, Denmark
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Diana Kwast
Diana Kwast
Dutch Adrenal Society NVACP, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
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Lea Tschaidse
Lea Tschaidse
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Matthias K Auer
Matthias K Auer
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Hanna F Nowotny
Hanna F Nowotny
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Svetlana Lajic
Svetlana Lajic
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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detected either through a neonatal screening programme, as a result of experienced adrenal crises during the neonatal period, or virilisation in females ( 4 , 7 ). Already in utero , the lack of cortisol causes a reduction, or complete absence of
