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Department of Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mask was subtracted from the gray matter mask with a stringent threshold of 1% so that voxels containing more than 1% white matter or CSF were removed. The resultant combined white matter and CSF mask was used to extract
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Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Edinburgh Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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proliferation and survival, several other somatic cell-derived factors have been shown to be important in self-renewal of SSC in in vitro systems, including colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1; Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells), fibroblast growth factor 2
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released in LCH lesions lead to local amplification cascades of cellular proliferation and activation through autocrine and paracrine stimulatory pathways ( 13 ). Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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could account, at least in part, for the synergism ( 55 ). In avian species, the homologous nonapeptide of mammalian AVP is arginine vasotocin. Four vasotocin receptors – VT1, VT2, VT3 and VT4 – have been identified. Of the four receptors, the VT2R
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Introduction Macroprolactinomas constitute approximately half of all the functioning pituitary macroadenomas (1) . Prolactinoma (majority being microprolactinoma) are usually diagnosed in women aged 20–50 years, with a female:male ratio of 10:1
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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response as they can express and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a, TGF-B), colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) and immunomodulatory cytokines ( 28 ). It was also shown that defensin human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1) is able to inhibit
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gonadotrope . Frontiers in Endocrinology 2018 9 58 . ( https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00058 ) 53 Nakajima Y Yamada M Taguchi R Shibusawa N Ozawa A Tomaru T Hashimoto K Saito T Tsuchiya T Okada S , et al . NR4A1 (Nur77) mediates thyrotropin
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, smooth muscle cells, etc. and stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and activates type 1 or type 2 Т
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promote neurite growth and increase the cell size, as shown in Fig. 10 ( 27 , 28 , 29 ). Here, we observed morphological changes in the treated groups after 72 h, in accordance with previous results obtained in NCI-H157 and Lu-CSF1 lung cancer cell
ZLS, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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: data collection. F S S and G W: data analysis. F S S, S M P, F R, G W and T D: writing and editing of the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to Róisín Murtagh and Vera Schmeling for lab assistance. References 1