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Elizabeth Yan Zhang Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA

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Bao-Ting Zhu Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA

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) . The hapten-induced contact dermatitis, also called contact hypersensitivity (CHS) or delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), was initially considered as a predominant T cell-mediated immune response (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) . Lately, it was reported that B

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Albrethsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Vassos Neocleous The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Federico Baronio S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy

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Martine Cools Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Christiansen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Meropi Toumba The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Pavlos Fanis The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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of Sertoli cell capacity, low inhibin B concentrations have also previously been reported in some adult males with CAH ( 21 ). In this study, 40 of the 43 adult patients had median s.d. scores of inhibin B below the average for age (corresponding to

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Ren-Lei Ji Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Lu Huang State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Yin Wang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Ting Liu Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Si-Yu Fan State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Min Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-Xiong Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Cytometers, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Four ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) of caMC3R and caMRAP2a/caMRAP2b plasmids were co-transfected into cells in six-well plates. Fluorescence of cells transfected with empty vector (pcDNA3.1) was used for background staining

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Sidsel Mathiesen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kaspar Sørensen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Marianne Ifversen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Casper P Hagen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jørgen Holm Petersen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Klaus Müller Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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remaining 15 patients, 6 had compensated Leydig cell dysfunction. Figure 5 Testosterone and LH patterns in patients who were prepubertal at HSCT and had spontaneous onset of puberty ( n  = 20, panel A and B), and patients who were pubertal

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Ashley K Clift Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Oskar Kornasiewicz Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland

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Panagiotis Drymousis Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Omar Faiz Department of Surgery, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK

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Harpreet S Wasan Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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James M Kinross Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Thomas Cecil Peritoneal Malignancy Unit, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK

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Andrea Frilling Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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morphology without significant atypia. The latter group may be sub-divided into group B or group C, which demonstrate large irregular clusters of goblet or signet cell-type cells with destruction of the appendiceal wall, or exhibit poor differentiation

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Shiori Minabe Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan

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Kinuyo Iwata Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

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Youki Watanabe Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

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Hirotaka Ishii Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

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Hitoshi Ozawa Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Faculty of Health Science, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan

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KNDy gene expression in the mature female offspring The ARC KNDy gene expression was identified in the E2-primed OVX mature offspring ( Figs. 4A and B ). The total numbers of ARC Kiss1 -, Tac3 -, and Pdyn - expressing cells in the UN offspring

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Tristan Avril Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France

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Quentin Hennocq Datascience platform, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Anne-Sophie Lambert Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France

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Juliane Leger Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France

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Dominique Simon Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France

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Laetitia Martinerie Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France

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Claire Bouvattier Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France

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cells, and perhaps, by extension, for future fertility ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and Inhibin B are reliable biomarkers reflecting Sertoli cells function, while testosterone is an index of Leydig cell activation. Boys with CHH

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Yongping Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Shuo Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Qingling Guo Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Yongze Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Jing Qin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Na Zhao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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( 31 ). Sema 4D, the first semaphorin found to have an immunomodulatory function ( 32 ) can activate B cells and dendritic cells ( 33 ). Sema 3A expressed in T cells was reported to inhibit T cell activation ( 34 ). In addition, a recent study

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Jakub Supronik Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Kretowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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orbit is believed to occur mainly due to stimulating influence of TRAb secreted by B-cells infiltrating the thyroid gland. In consequence, the fibroblasts of the periorbital tissue are stimulated to produce extracellular matrix components and

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Christos Tsatsanis Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece

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Angel Elenkov Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Irene Leijonhufvud Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Katerina Vaporidi Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Åsa Tivesten Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Aleksander Giwercman Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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immune responses and susceptibility to autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 13B is a cytokine of the TNF family that is causally linked to the

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