Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) are benign adrenal-like testicular tumours that frequently occur in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Recently, GATA transcription factors have been linked to the development of TARTs in mice. The aim of our study was to determine GATA expression in human TARTs and other steroidogenic tissues. We determined GATA expression in TARTs (n = 16), Leydig cell tumours (LCTs; n = 7), adrenal (foetal (n = 6) + adult (n = 10)) and testis (foetal (n = 13) + adult (n = 8)). We found testis-like GATA4, and adrenal-like GATA3 and GATA6 gene expressions by qPCR in human TARTs, indicating mixed testicular and adrenal characteristics of TARTs. Currently, no marker is available to discriminate TARTs from LCTs, leading to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. GATA3 and GATA6 mRNAs exhibited excellent discriminative power (area under the curve of 0.908 and 0.816, respectively), while immunohistochemistry did not. GATA genes contain several CREB-binding sites and incubation with 0.1 mM dibutyryl cAMP for 4 h stimulated GATA3, GATA4 and GATA6 expressions in a human foetal testis cell line (hs181.tes). Incubation of adrenocortical cells (H295RA) with ACTH, however, did not induce GATA expression in vitro. Although ACTH did not dysregulate GATA expression in the only human ACTH-sensitive in vitro model available, our results do suggest that aberrant expression of GATA transcription factors in human TARTs might be involved in TART formation.
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Purpose
Aging and concurrent constitutional changes as sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity are associated with progressive functional decline. Coincidence and mutual interference of this risk factors require further evaluation.
Methods
Cross-sectional evaluation of musculoskeletal health in a community-dwelling cohort of men aged 65–90 years. Objectives included descriptive analysis of age-related decline in physical performance, prevalence of osteoporosis (FRAX-Score), sarcopenia (EWGSOP criteria) and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and their coincidence/interference.
Results
Based on 507 participants assessed, aging was associated with progressive functional deterioration, regarding power (chair rise test −1.54% per year), performance (usual gait speed −1.38% per year) and muscle force (grip strength −1.52% per year) while muscle mass declined only marginally (skeletal muscle index −0.29% per year). Prevalence of osteoporosis was 41.8% (n = 212) while only 22.9% (n = 116) of the participants met the criteria for sarcopenia and 23.7% (n = 120) were obese. Osteosarcopenia was found in n = 79 (15.6%), sarcopenic obesity was present in 14 men (2.8%). A combination of all three conditions could be confirmed in n = 8 (1.6%). There was an inverse correlation of BMI with physical performance whereas osteoporosis and sarcopenia did not interfere with functional outcomes.
Conclusion
Based on current definitions, there is considerable overlap in the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, while obesity appears to be a distinct problem. Functional decline appears to be associated with obesity rather than osteoporosis or sarcopenia. It remains to be determined to what extend obesity itself causes performance deficits or if obesity is merely an indicator of insufficient activity eventually predisposing to functional decline.
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Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan
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DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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were transformed by the Royston–Sauerbrei power transformation ( 17 ), which is a linear transformation of the variables into a range between 0.2 and 1. All regression models were weighted for non-response to liver MRI examination. For this, inverse
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indicators: Begg–Mazumdar: Kendall’s Tau = −0.142857 P = 0.5484 (low power); Egger: bias = −1.369742 (95% CI = −6.646958 to 3.907474) P = 0.5488; Harbord–Egger: bias = −1.179831 (92.5% CI = −5.949539 to 3.589877) P = 0.6138. DF, degree of freedom
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cardiorespiratory fitness ( 6 ), muscle strength ( 7 ) and muscle power ( 8 ) are also observed. Furthermore, significant correlations between testosterone and measures of physical performance in older adults have been observed ( 9 ). Whilst improvements in
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developed using the PyQt4 library. The spectrograms were calculated using the Hamming window with 256 points (256/1000 s). For power spectral density (PSD), each frame was generated with an overlap of 128 points per window. For each frame, the PSD was
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variation of 4.93% and 9.32%, respectively. Statistical analysis The study was powered to detect a 1.0 difference in HOMA-IR index, given a series of assumptions (HOMA-IR in PCOS-AH group: 4.0 ± 2.5; HOMA-IR in PCOS-NAH group: 3.0 ± 2.5; α error
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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primary outcome of this study, on which the power calculation was based, was the number of successful samplings (DBS) over a 20-h period made by the Fluispotter. A failure was defined as a device which failed to collect 20 samples in a started sampling
Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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as part of a larger, invasive study, and as such, recruitment was difficult ( 18 ). This study was adequately powered to compare changes in blood glucose from baseline to 3 h post exercise, between placebo and prednisolone, P < 0.05, effect size of
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Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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of 200 Hz ( 22 ). The Fast Fourier Transformation was utilised to calculate (i) power in low frequency (LF) range (0.04–0.15 Hz), (ii) power in high frequency (HF) range (0.15–0.40 Hz), and (iii) LF/HF ratio. HF oscillations relate to parasympathetic
