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Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Introduction Hyperthyroidism is a common condition with a lifetime risk of 2–10% ( 1 , 2 ). Graves’ disease (GD) and toxic nodular goitre (TNG) are the most frequent causes of hyperthyroidism ( 2 ). GD is an organ specific autoimmune disease
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Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Introduction Hyperthyroidism is described as thyrotoxicosis caused by inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones ( 1 ). The etiology of hyperthyroidism is classified into 12 categories, such as Graves’ disease (GD), toxic
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Introduction In the biochemical landscape of thyroid dysfunction, iron (Fe) homeostasis abnormalities are frequently observed ( 1 , 2 ). The prevalence of anaemia in overt hyperthyroidism was found to be higher (14.6%) than in overt
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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1920s LS was given as a pre-treatment to thyroid surgery ( 3 ). It became the standard pre-operative treatment to control hyperthyroidism. However, with the development of pharmacologic agents blocking the thyroid hormone synthesis and radioactive
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Introduction Thyroid disorders are common endocrine disorders with a female predominance. In the reproductive age span, the disorders are mainly of autoimmune origin with hyperthyroidism being part of Graves’ disease (GD) ( 1 ), and
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mainly expressed in the liver ( 1 , 2 ). Hyperthyroidism, a state of excessive TH, is characterized by increased resting energy expenditure, weight loss, reduced cholesterol levels, enhanced lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis ( 3 ). Besides, recent
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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the primary aetiology of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents, with a prevalence of about 1 in 10,000 ( 1 ). Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders, occurring in nearly 1
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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preventing heart failure ( 34 ). Cardiovascular effects of hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is characterized biochemically by low TSH levels and elevated free T4, free T3 or both. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism in the general population is 0
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Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
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Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
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Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
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Background Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is defined by the biochemical pattern of reduced or undetectable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid hormone levels within the reference range. SH is seen with increasing frequency
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some examples of disorders that can lead to hyperthyroidism ( 16 ). In this context, overt hyperthyroidism is characterized by high levels of T3 and T4, and decreased TSH levels. However, the most usual type of hyperthyroidism observed in medical