Ruth Percik
Ruth Percik
Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Sherwin Criseno
Sherwin Criseno
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Safwaan Adam
Safwaan Adam
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Kate Young
Kate Young
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Daniel L Morganstein
Daniel L Morganstein
Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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of the grade. Furthermore, some endocrine irAEs require adjustment and correlation with standard endocrine diagnostic criteria (e.g. hyperglycaemia). These recommendations complement published guidance, including emergency management guidelines
Yiqiong Ma
Yiqiong Ma
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Zhaowei Chen
Zhaowei Chen
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Tao
Yu Tao
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Jili Zhu
Jili Zhu
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Hongxia Yang
Hongxia Yang
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Wei Liang
Wei Liang
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Guohua Ding
Guohua Ding
Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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). Furthermore, mitochondria are considered dynamic organelles that periodically divide (fission) and fuse (fusion) ( 11 ). These dynamic processes maintain stable mitochondrial mass and quantity ( 12 ). It was reported that hyperglycaemia results in increased
Bliss Anderson
Bliss Anderson
Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Daniel L Morganstein
Daniel L Morganstein
Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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) Usually 1–3 months after treatment Hyperglycaemia and new-onset diabetes Approximately 1% (59) Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (58, 61, 62) Polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss Hyperglycaemia on fasting and random glucose samples, HbA1c Persistent
Rama Lakshman
Rama Lakshman
Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Charlotte Boughton
Charlotte Boughton
Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge, UK
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Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge, UK
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Roman Hovorka
Roman Hovorka
Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Introduction Over nine million people worldwide live with type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 1 ). In this condition, immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells leads to insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycaemia. The management of T1D
Svjatoslavs Kistkins
Svjatoslavs Kistkins
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Othmar Moser
Othmar Moser
Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Vitālijs Ankudovičs
Vitālijs Ankudovičs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Dmitrijs Blizņuks
Dmitrijs Blizņuks
Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Timurs Mihailovs
Timurs Mihailovs
Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Sergejs Lobanovs
Sergejs Lobanovs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Harald Sourij
Harald Sourij
Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Andreas F H Pfeiffer
Andreas F H Pfeiffer
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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Valdis Pīrāgs
Valdis Pīrāgs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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process primes the body for food intake and glucose replenishment ( Fig. 1A ). Following a meal, hyperglycaemia triggers the secretion of GLP-1 and insulin. GLP-1 reduces gastric emptying and appetite. Both GLP-1 and insulin suppress glucagon secretion
Chenghao Piao
Chenghao Piao
Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Xiaojie Wang
Xiaojie Wang
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Shiqiao Peng
Shiqiao Peng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Xinyu Guo
Xinyu Guo
Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Hui Zhao
Hui Zhao
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li He
Li He
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yan Zeng
Yan Zeng
Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Fan Zhang
Fan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Kewen Zhu
Kewen Zhu
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yiwei Wang
Yiwei Wang
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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vital biomarker of intrauterine hyperglycaemia and a predictor of insulin dysfunction in the foetus of patients with GDM. Bush et al . discovered that maternal hyperglycaemia is positively associated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell
Paraskevi Kazakou
Paraskevi Kazakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Stavroula A Paschou
Stavroula A Paschou
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Theodora Psaltopoulou
Theodora Psaltopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maria Gavriatopoulou
Maria Gavriatopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Eleni Korompoki
Eleni Korompoki
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Katerina Stefanaki
Katerina Stefanaki
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fotini Kanouta
Fotini Kanouta
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Georgia N Kassi
Georgia N Kassi
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Asimina Mitrakou
Asimina Mitrakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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diabetic people with obesity may negatively affect the immune response ( 19 , 20 , 21 ). Growing data indicate also that hyperglycaemia on admission and during hospitalization in people with or without diabetes is a predictor of worse prognosis, severity
E N Dudinskaya
E N Dudinskaya
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O N Tkacheva
O N Tkacheva
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M V Shestakova
M V Shestakova
National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Endocrinology Research Centre, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow 101990, Russian Federation
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N V Brailova
N V Brailova
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I D Strazhesko
I D Strazhesko
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D U Akasheva
D U Akasheva
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O Y Isaykina
O Y Isaykina
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N V Sharashkina
N V Sharashkina
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D A Kashtanova
D A Kashtanova
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S A Boytsov
S A Boytsov
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(3) . Experimental data show that glucose metabolism disorders induce vascular changes. For instance, Facchini et al . (4) showed that hyperinsulinaemia regardless of hyperglycaemia may promote oxidative stress and thereby accelerate vascular
Janaína Felix Braga
Janaína Felix Braga
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Natalia Alenina
Natalia Alenina
Max-Delbruck Center of Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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Michael Bader
Michael Bader
Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Robson Augusto Souza Santos
Robson Augusto Souza Santos
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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patients with diabetes improves glucose tolerance ( 30 , 31 ). These observations support a role for glucagon, and probably Mas, in diabetes hyperglycaemia. Conclusion The main finding of this report is the marked increase in the number and per
Espen Nordheim
Espen Nordheim
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jørn Petter Lindahl
Jørn Petter Lindahl
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Rasmus Kirkeskov Carlsen
Rasmus Kirkeskov Carlsen
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Anders Åsberg
Anders Åsberg
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kåre Inge Birkeland
Kåre Inge Birkeland
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Rune Horneland
Rune Horneland
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Birgitte Boye
Birgitte Boye
Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hanne Scholz
Hanne Scholz
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Centre of Excellence-HTH, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Centre of Excellence-HTH, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Trond Geir Jenssen
Trond Geir Jenssen
Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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1 diabetes. Patients with different phenotypes of diabetes have been accepted, the major categories being patients with persistent hyperglycaemia (HbA1c > 10% (>86 mmol/mol)), patients with recurring episodes of hypoglycaemia or with fluctuating or
