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Ditte Sofie Dahl Sørensen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jesper Krogh Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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prevalence of 1:200 to 1:1000 ( 4 ), and is typically diagnosed during workup of early puberty or due to symptoms of mild hyperandrogenism including hirsutism and acne in females ( 5 ). The goal of treatment is first, to replace deficient hormones, and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0143
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Frederic Schrøder Arendrup Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Severine Mazaud-Guittot Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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Bernard Jégou Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France
EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France

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David Møbjerg Kristensen Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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addressing comparative questions in females have, however, been largely lacking. To our knowledge, only one mouse study published in 1992 addresses this issue, showing that pre­natal exposure to a high dose of APAP (1430 mg/kg/day) administrated in the diet

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0298
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access
Stephanie Burger-Stritt Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Linda Bachmann Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Max Kurlbaum Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Stefanie Hahner Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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suppositories (VAG-PN) may be an alternative administration form. In an anonymous survey of 18 females with AI immediately following training in self-injection of GCs, 28% ( n  = 5) preferred vaginal administration of a suppository over GC injection (own

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 4
Open access
Luminita Nicoleta Cima Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Anca Colita Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Hematology Department, Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Simona Fica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Endocrine Department, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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function after chemotherapy does not always imply fertility restoration ( 36 ). A prospective observational study performed by Huser and coworkers involving 108 females newly diagnosed with HL who were treated with different types of chemotherapy while

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0246
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Shatha Alharazy Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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M Denise Robertson Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Susan Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Muhammad Imran Naseer Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Adeel G Chaudhary Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Eman Alissa Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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-sectional study carried out in a sample of 302 postmenopausal women (age ≥50 years) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, (August 2018 to September 2019). Sample size calculation The total number of females of age range between 50 and 79 years in the western area of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0445
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 12
Open access
Shruti Khare Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Anurag R Lila Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Hiren Patt Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Chaitanya Yerawar Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Manjunath Goroshi Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Tushar Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Nalini S Shah Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Introduction Macroprolactinomas constitute approximately half of all the functioning pituitary macroadenomas (1) . Prolactinoma (majority being microprolactinoma) are usually diagnosed in women aged 20–50 years, with a female:male ratio of 10

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Open access
Kerry V Fanson Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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Tamara Keeley Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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Benjamin G Fanson Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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have not found the evidence that mean cortisol levels differ between cyclic and acyclic females (21, 24) . However, this does not rule out the possibility that more fine-scale patterns of cortisol expression are disrupted in non-cycling elephants. Mean

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0025
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Myrian Velasco Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Carlos Larqué Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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José Romo-Yáñez Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico

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Marcia Hiriart Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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, AKT and P70S6K1 in adipose tissue and the gastrocnemius muscle in a MS model, induced with a high-sucrose diet in male and female rats. Material and methods We obtained reagents as follows: HEPES, oil red-O, EGTA and collagenase from Merck

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0288
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Robert A Hart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Robin C Dobos NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Linda L Agnew Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Neil A Smart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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James R McFarlane Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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). Leptin is critical in reproduction, allowing pubertal development ( 23 , 24 ) as well as regulating testis development ( 25 ) and ovarian follicle development ( 26 ). Leptin is known to circulate at higher concentrations in females than males in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0089
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 1
Open access
Alessandra Gambineri Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Carla Pelusi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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tissues, particularly on adipose tissue. The sexual dimorphism of androgens in the pathophysiology of T2DM is emphasized. Sex hormone differences between the sexes Males and females produce the same steroid hormones in a similar way. Regarding

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0450
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 1
Open access