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Objective
Recent studies have shown that neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of extracellular ligands, plays an important role in the prevention of obesity, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considering that thyroid hormone (TH) has profound effects on whole-body energy metabolism, we speculate that circulating Nrg4 levels might be altered in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Design and methods
A total of 129 hyperthyroid patients and 100 healthy subjects were recruited. Of them, 39 hyperthyroid patients received thionamide treatment for 3 months until euthyroidism. Serum Nrg4 levels were determined using the ELISA method. To further confirm the relationship between TH and Nrg4, C57BL/6 mice were treated with T3 and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect Nrg4 gene expression.
Results
Serum Nrg4 levels were significantly elevated in hyperthyroid patients as compared with normal controls (3.84 ± 1.63 vs 2.21 ± 1.04 ng/mL, P < 0.001). After achieving euthyroidism by thionamide treatment, serum Nrg4 levels dropped markedly from 3.57 ± 1.26 to 1.94 ± 0.72 ng/ml (P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, serum Nrg4 levels were independently associated with hyperthyroidism. The upregulation of Nrg4 expression in the livers and white adipose tissues by T3 was further confirmed by animal and cell culture experiments.
Conclusions
Serum Nrg4 levels were increased in patients with hyperthyroidism. The liver and white adipose tissue might be primary sources contributing to elevated serum Nrg4 concentrations.
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High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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in various endocrine diseases also impact the cardiac morphology and function. We and others have demonstrated the importance of a well-balanced hormonal and metabolic homeostasis to maintain myocardial energy metabolism so that heart function can
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Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Introduction Bone is increasingly recognized as an effector in energy metabolism via its interactions with other tissues (1, 2) . The role of bone-derived osteocalcin (OC) as a novel endocrine regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism was
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as the mitochondrial biosynthesis factor PGC1α (peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α) ( 20 ). These results indicate metabolic abnormalities in the mitochondria. To meet the energy metabolism requirements of tissues and
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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-like factors called adipokines. Adipokines are a kind of cytokine that contributes to energy metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and angiogenesis, as well as, reproductive maturity and fertility ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). Regarding the latter effect, it has been
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status in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (e.g., altered erythrocyte physiology), individual variance in both glycemic parameters can reflect different aspects of energy metabolism that are modulated by different gene polymorphisms. However
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’s pathological progression to death. Meanwhile, its fibrosis degree affects renal function ( 1 , 2 ). Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1), as a key factor in regulating energy metabolism, exerts a nephroprotective effect by mediating
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( 2 ). However, to date, the energy metabolism of fish after a GTT has barely been investigated. It is now widely acknowledged that, the energy metabolism of fish is monitored by the intracellular energy sensors ( 1 , 10 ). Indeed, several studies
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NR. Detrimental effects of constant light exposure and high-fat diet on circadian energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity . Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2013 27 1721 – 1732 . ( doi:10.1096/fj.12
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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play a vital role in maintaining the balance of blood glucose, blood lipid, and energy metabolism ( 14 ). The protective effects of SIRT1, such as regulation of energy metabolism, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidative stress, have been detected in various