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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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hypothalamic disturbance due to energy deficiency and PCOS. Differences/disorders of sex development A few women are born with rare conditions, referred to as differences/disorders of sex development (DSD), in which the development of chromosomal
Mohamed Hssaini
Mohamed Hssaini
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Sana Abourazzak
Sana Abourazzak
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Ihsane El Otmani
Ihsane El Otmani
Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco
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Mohamed Ahakoud
Mohamed Ahakoud
Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Amina Ameli
Amina Ameli
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Laila Bouguenouch
Laila Bouguenouch
Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Hicham Bekkari
Hicham Bekkari
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Introduction Differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSD) are defined as congenital conditions in which inconsistencies occur in chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomical (genital) sex development ( 1 ). DSD exhibits intricate
Iben Katinka Greiber
Iben Katinka Greiber
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Casper P Hagen
Casper P Hagen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Alexander Siegfried Busch
Alexander Siegfried Busch
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mikkel Grunnet Mieritz
Mikkel Grunnet Mieritz
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lise Aksglæde
Lise Aksglæde
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Katharina Main
Katharina Main
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kristian Almstrup
Kristian Almstrup
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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.0052 ) 6 Rey RA Grinspon RP. Normal male sexual differentiation and aetiology of disorders of sex development . Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011 25 221 – 238 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.013 ) 7
Salma R Ali
Salma R Ali
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Melissa Gardner
Melissa Gardner
Susan B Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Yiqiao Xin
Yiqiao Xin
Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Stuart O’Toole
Stuart O’Toole
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Martyn Flett
Martyn Flett
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Boma Lee
Boma Lee
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Mairi Steven
Mairi Steven
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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David E Sandberg
David E Sandberg
Susan B Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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all patients and caregivers who agreed to participate in this study. References 1 Hughes IA . Disorders of sex development: a new definition and classification . Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008 22
Estelle Bonnet
Estelle Bonnet
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service d’endocrinologie pédiatrique, Bron, France
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Mathias Winter
Mathias Winter
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de psychopathologie du développement, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Service d’hormonologie, d’endocrinologie moléculaire et des maladies rares, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de psychopathologie du développement, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Service d’hormonologie, d’endocrinologie moléculaire et des maladies rares, Bron, France
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Delphine Mallet
Delphine Mallet
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Service d’hormonologie, d’endocrinologie moléculaire et des maladies rares, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Service d’hormonologie, d’endocrinologie moléculaire et des maladies rares, Bron, France
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Ingrid Plotton
Ingrid Plotton
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Bron, France
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Claire Bouvattier
Claire Bouvattier
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’endocrinologie pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Maryse Cartigny
Maryse Cartigny
Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Unité d’Endocrinologie pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Lille, France
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Laetiti Martinerie
Laetiti Martinerie
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie pédiatrique Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Endocriniennes de la Croissance et du Développement – CRMERC Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Michel Polak
Michel Polak
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Necker Enfants malades, Endocrinologie gynécologie diabétologie pédiatriques Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement Inserm U1016, institut Imagine, Paris, France
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Anne Bachelot
Anne Bachelot
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement Centre de Référence des pathologies gynécologiques rares IE3M, Paris, France
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Frédéric Huet
Frédéric Huet
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne, Hôpital d’Enfants, Service de Pédiatrie Multidisciplinaire, Dijon, France
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Sabine Baron
Sabine Baron
Centre Hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Service de Pédiatrie, Nantes, France
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Muriel Houang
Muriel Houang
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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Sylvie Soskin
Sylvie Soskin
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CHU Hautepierre, Service de Pédiatrie 1, Strasbourg, France
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Anne Lienhardt
Anne Lienhardt
Centre hospitalier universitaire Limoges, Hôpital de la Mère et de l’enfant, Service de Pédiatrie, Limoges, France
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Jérôme Bertherat
Jérôme Bertherat
Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service d'Endocrinologie, Paris, France
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Cyril Amouroux
Cyril Amouroux
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service de Néphrologie et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Montpellier, France
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Aurore Bouty
Aurore Bouty
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
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Lise Duranteau
Lise Duranteau
AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Unité de gynécologie de l’adolescente Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Rémi Besson
Rémi Besson
Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Service de chirurgie pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Lille, France
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Alaa El Ghoneimi
Alaa El Ghoneimi
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP Robert Debré, Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologie pédiatrique Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes de la croissance et du développement – CRMERC Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Dinane Samara-Boustani
Dinane Samara-Boustani
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Endocrinologie gynécologie diabétologie pédiatriques Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
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François Becmeur
François Becmeur
Hospitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CHU Hautepierre, Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Strasbourg, France
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Nicolas Kalfa
Nicolas Kalfa
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologie Pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital Constitutif Sud Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Françoise Paris
Françoise Paris
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service de Néphrologie et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Montpellier, France
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François Medjkane
François Medjkane
Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Service de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Lille, France
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Aude Brac de la Perrière
Aude Brac de la Perrière
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Service d’endocrinologie, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Service d’endocrinologie, Bron, France
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Patricia Bretones
Patricia Bretones
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service d’endocrinologie pédiatrique, Bron, France
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Hervé Lejeune
Hervé Lejeune
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de médecine de la reproduction, Bron, France
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Marc Nicolino
Marc Nicolino
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service d’endocrinologie pédiatrique, Bron, France
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Pierre Mouriquand
Pierre Mouriquand
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Daniela-Brindusa Gorduza
Daniela-Brindusa Gorduza
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de chirurgie Uro-viscérale et de Transplantation de l’Enfant, Bron, France
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Claire-Lise Gay
Claire-Lise Gay
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service d’endocrinologie pédiatrique, Bron, France
Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Centre National de Référence Maladies Rares du développement génital du fœtus à l’adulte DEV-GEN, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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, which aimed at centralizing and homogenizing the medical management of all patients with disorders of sex development. In 2006, it was structured as part of the first national plan for rare diseases (‘Plan National Maladies Rares’), which widened its
Sneha Arya
Sneha Arya
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Sandeep Kumar
Sandeep Kumar
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Anurag R Lila
Anurag R Lila
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Vijaya Sarathi
Vijaya Sarathi
Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
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Saba Samad Memon
Saba Samad Memon
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Rohit Barnabas
Rohit Barnabas
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Hemangini Thakkar
Hemangini Thakkar
Department of Radiology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Virendra A Patil
Virendra A Patil
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Nalini S Shah
Nalini S Shah
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Tushar R Bandgar
Tushar R Bandgar
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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-6 ) 8 Köhler B Biebermann H Friedsam V Gellermann J Maier RF Pohl M Wieacker P Hiort O Grüters A Krude H . Analysis of the Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene (WT1) in patients 46,XY disorders of sex development . Journal of Clinical
Jennifer K Y Ko
Jennifer K Y Ko
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Thomas F J King
Thomas F J King
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Louise Williams
Louise Williams
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Sarah M Creighton
Sarah M Creighton
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Gerard S Conway
Gerard S Conway
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Introduction Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is one of the most common disorders of sex development (DSD) caused by mutations of the androgen receptor gene. The estimated prevalence of AIS is 4.1 per 100,000 live born females
A Bergougnoux
A Bergougnoux
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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L Gaspari
L Gaspari
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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M Soleirol
M Soleirol
Département de Pediatrie, CHU Nîmes, France, Université de Montpellier Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Montpellier, France
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N Servant
N Servant
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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S Soskin
S Soskin
Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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S Rossignol
S Rossignol
Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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K Wagner-Mahler
K Wagner-Mahler
Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Nice, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
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J Bertherat
J Bertherat
Department of Endocrinology, French Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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C Sultan
C Sultan
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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N Kalfa
N Kalfa
Department of Pediatric Urological Surgery, French Reference Center for abnormalities of Genital Development (DevGen), CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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F Paris
F Paris
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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are useful to identify the hyperandrogenism cause. Independently of the presence or not of Müllerian structures, karyotyping must also be performed to exclude a 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) resulting in sex reversal. Indeed, in the absence
Sebastian Franik
Sebastian Franik
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kathrin Fleischer
Kathrin Fleischer
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Barbara Kortmann
Barbara Kortmann
Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kathleen D’Hauwers
Kathleen D’Hauwers
Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Claire Bouvattier
Claire Bouvattier
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Paris, France
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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Solange Grunenwald
Solange Grunenwald
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Tim van de Grift
Tim van de Grift
Departments of Plastic Surgery and Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Audrey Cartault
Audrey Cartault
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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Annette Richter-Unruh
Annette Richter-Unruh
Kinderendokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kinderklinik, Bochum, Germany
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ute Thyen
Ute Thyen
Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitat zu Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
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Joanna IntHout
Joanna IntHout
Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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the dsd-LIFE Group
the dsd-LIFE Group
the dsd-LIFE Group
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different forms of differences/disorders of sex development, aiming to provide the basis for improvements in evidence-based recommendations for care. Ethical approval was first sought from the medical ethics committee at the Charité Universitätsmedizin
Mette H Viuff
Mette H Viuff
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Claus H Gravholt
Claus H Gravholt
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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the EU) in basic mechanisms and other aspects of TS, as well as other disorders of sex development (DSDs) ( 19 ). In conclusion, the paper by Kahlert et al . highlights the overall problematic state of the current level of care for adults with TS
