Karim Gariani
Karim Gariani
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pedro Marques-Vidal
Pedro Marques-Vidal
Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gérard Waeber
Gérard Waeber
Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Peter Vollenweider
Peter Vollenweider
Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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François R Jornayvaz
François R Jornayvaz
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis may involve the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) ( 1 ). Common features observed in T2DM and metabolic syndrome, such as elevated fasting glucose, obesity, hyperlipidemia or
Yusen Liu
Yusen Liu
Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ruiwen Chi
Ruiwen Chi
Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yujie Jiang
Yujie Jiang
School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Bicheng Chen
Bicheng Chen
Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Youli Chen
Youli Chen
Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zengrui Chen
Zengrui Chen
Intensive Care Unit, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, China
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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most common medical disorder in pregnancy, is defined as glucose intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed during pregnancy ( 1 ). GDM is associated with
Changwei Liu
Changwei Liu
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jingwen Wang
Jingwen Wang
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yuanyuan Wan
Yuanyuan Wan
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xiaona Xia
Xiaona Xia
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jian Pan
Jian Pan
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wei Gu
Wei Gu
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Mei Li
Mei Li
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease occurring in the pancreatic islets. The disease can affect people of any age, but onset usually occurs in children or young adults, which accounts for 90% of diabetes in
Panisa Hantrakun
Panisa Hantrakun
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Rattanaporn Sekararithi
Rattanaporn Sekararithi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Thidarat Jaiwongkam
Thidarat Jaiwongkam
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sirinart Kumfu
Sirinart Kumfu
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chatree Chai-adisaksopha
Chatree Chai-adisaksopha
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Theera Tongsong
Theera Tongsong
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Phudit Jatavan
Phudit Jatavan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common complications in pregnancy, is defined as glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy ( 1 ). GDM usually disappears shortly after birth but up to 50% will
Metin Guclu
Metin Guclu
Health Sciences University, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bursa, Turkey
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Sinem Kiyici
Sinem Kiyici
Health Sciences University, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bursa, Turkey
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Zulfiye Gul
Zulfiye Gul
Department of Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
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Sinan Cavun
Sinan Cavun
Department of Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
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Introduction Excess weight and weight gain are significant problems in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). Weight reduction is a critical part of type 2 diabetic patients’ management to obtain better glycemic control
Chenyu Jiang
Chenyu Jiang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mi Zhou
Mi Zhou
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Huai Bai
Huai Bai
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Meng Chen
Meng Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chunyi Yang
Chunyi Yang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kaifeng Hu
Kaifeng Hu
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yujie Wu
Yujie Wu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Qingqing Liu
Qingqing Liu
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yangyu Zhao
Yangyu Zhao
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xinghui Liu
Xinghui Liu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ping Fan
Ping Fan
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in obstetrics, characterized by carbohydrate intolerance that develops during pregnancy ( 1 ). Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity
Hana Vítková
Hana Vítková
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kateřina Anderlová
Kateřina Anderlová
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Krátký
Jan Krátký
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Radovan Bílek
Radovan Bílek
Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Drahomíra Springer
Drahomíra Springer
Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Felix Votava
Felix Votava
Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tomáš Brutvan
Tomáš Brutvan
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Adéla Krausová
Adéla Krausová
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kristýna Žabková
Kristýna Žabková
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Eliška Potluková
Eliška Potluková
University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland and University of Basel, Switzerland
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Jan Jiskra
Jan Jiskra
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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, some studies have pointed to a possible relationship between thyroid dysfunction and/or thyroid autoimmunity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 5 ). Recently, Sitoris et al. ( 6 ) reported that thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women is
Chenghao Piao
Chenghao Piao
Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Xiaojie Wang
Xiaojie Wang
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Shiqiao Peng
Shiqiao Peng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Xinyu Guo
Xinyu Guo
Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Hui Zhao
Hui Zhao
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li He
Li He
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yan Zeng
Yan Zeng
Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Fan Zhang
Fan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Kewen Zhu
Kewen Zhu
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yiwei Wang
Yiwei Wang
Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Introduction Insulin sensitivity during pregnancy is reduced with the advancement of gestation. Thus, the demand for insulin is elevated to maintain the common blood sugar ( 1 ). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose
Sweta Budyal
Sweta Budyal
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Swati Sachin Jadhav
Swati Sachin Jadhav
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Rajeev Kasaliwal
Rajeev Kasaliwal
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Hiren Patt
Hiren Patt
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Shruti Khare
Shruti Khare
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Vyankatesh Shivane
Vyankatesh Shivane
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Anurag R Lila
Anurag R Lila
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Tushar Bandgar
Tushar Bandgar
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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Nalini S Shah
Nalini S Shah
Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
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with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) . As impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes are important metabolic manifestations of CS, several studies have attempted to examine the
Qiuyu Huang
Qiuyu Huang
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Hanshen Chen
Hanshen Chen
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Fan Xu
Fan Xu
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Chao Liu
Chao Liu
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yafeng Wang
Yafeng Wang
Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, China
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Weifeng Tang
Weifeng Tang
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liangwan Chen
Liangwan Chen
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia and vascular and/or nervous complications. In China, the reported prevalence of T2DM is 11.6% ( 1 ), which appears to have increased in the
