Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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autoimmunity. Thus, the determination of causal factors for outcome of a pregnancy and offspring development in women suffering from the hyperthyroidism of GD is complex and hitherto not clarified in detail. In this review, we explore outcomes of
Kate E Lines
Kate E Lines
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Mahsa Javid
Mahsa Javid
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Anita A C Reed
Anita A C Reed
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Gerard V Walls
Gerard V Walls
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Mark Stevenson
Mark Stevenson
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Michelle Simon
Michelle Simon
MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
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Kreepa G Kooblall
Kreepa G Kooblall
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Sian E Piret
Sian E Piret
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Paul T Christie
Paul T Christie
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Paul J Newey
Paul J Newey
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Ann-Marie Mallon
Ann-Marie Mallon
MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
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Rajesh V Thakker
Rajesh V Thakker
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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exclusively found in the 129S6/SvEv embryos, while widespread oedema was specific to the C57BL/6 strain ( 18 ). However, the influence of genetic background and potential role of genetic modifiers on the development of tumours in adult Men1 +/- mice have not
N Bergmann
N Bergmann
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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F Gyntelberg
F Gyntelberg
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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J Faber
J Faber
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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etiology seems multifactorial, which calls for new areas of prevention and intervention. One potential risk factor for the development of MES is chronic psychosocial stress, in the following referred to as stress. In general it is accepted to divide the
E Kohva
E Kohva
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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P J Miettinen
P J Miettinen
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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S Taskinen
S Taskinen
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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M Hero
M Hero
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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A Tarkkanen
A Tarkkanen
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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T Raivio
T Raivio
Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Background Disorders of sexual development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which the chromosomal, anatomic or gonadal sex development is atypical ( 1 ). Today, DSD is classified into three major categories by the patient’s karyotype: sex
Sophie van Rijn
Sophie van Rijn
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kimberly Kuiper
Kimberly Kuiper
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nienke Bouw
Nienke Bouw
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Evelien Urbanus
Evelien Urbanus
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hanna Swaab
Hanna Swaab
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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. Neurocognitive impairments may serve as sensitive early predictors of behavioral problems in later life, may function as markers for children with an ‘at-risk’ development (e.g. identify those that do not meet age-specific norms for language, cognitive, and motor
Zofia Kolesinska
Zofia Kolesinska
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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James Acierno Jr
James Acierno Jr
Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Cheng Xu
Cheng Xu
Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Karina Kapczuk
Karina Kapczuk
Division of Gynecology, Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Anna Skorczyk-Werner
Anna Skorczyk-Werner
Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Hanna Mikos
Hanna Mikos
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Aleksandra Rojek
Aleksandra Rojek
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Andreas Massouras
Andreas Massouras
Saphetor, SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maciej R Krawczynski
Maciej R Krawczynski
Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Nelly Pitteloud
Nelly Pitteloud
Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marek Niedziela
Marek Niedziela
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Introduction Differences and/or disorders of sex development (DSD) represent rare congenital conditions in which gonadal, chromosomal or anatomical sex is atypical. Due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and genetic architecture
Mohamed Hssaini
Mohamed Hssaini
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Sana Abourazzak
Sana Abourazzak
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Ihsane El Otmani
Ihsane El Otmani
Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco
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Mohamed Ahakoud
Mohamed Ahakoud
Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Amina Ameli
Amina Ameli
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Laila Bouguenouch
Laila Bouguenouch
Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Hicham Bekkari
Hicham Bekkari
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Introduction Differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSD) are defined as congenital conditions in which inconsistencies occur in chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomical (genital) sex development ( 1 ). DSD exhibits intricate
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trine Holm Johannsen
Trine Holm Johannsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Margit Bistrup Fischer
Margit Bistrup Fischer
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Emmie N Upners
Emmie N Upners
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Alexander S Busch
Alexander S Busch
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Katharina M Main
Katharina M Main
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anna-Maria Andersson
Anna-Maria Andersson
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Casper P Hagen
Casper P Hagen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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clinically. Particularly, in patients with differences of sex development (DSD), a heterogeneous group of conditions in which the anatomical, gonadal, or chromosomal sex is affected ( 4 ), the ratio would be of potential interest. In some newborns with DSD
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Conor V Dolan
Conor V Dolan
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ruth Andrew
Ruth Andrew
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Brian R Walker
Brian R Walker
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dorret I Boomsma
Dorret I Boomsma
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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, there are no studies that have reported on HPA-axis activity across pubertal development. HPA-axis activity is determined by the net effect of cortisol production and metabolism. Cortisol is metabolized by various enzymes ( Fig. 1 ). The A
Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira
Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Carlos Alberto Longui
Carlos Alberto Longui
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Guilherme Guaragna-Filho
Guilherme Guaragna-Filho
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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José Luiz Costa
José Luiz Costa
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rafael Lanaro
Rafael Lanaro
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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David Antônio Silva
David Antônio Silva
Laboratory of Physiology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Fleury Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Maricilda Palandi de Mello
Maricilda Palandi de Mello
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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André Moreno Morcillo
André Moreno Morcillo
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra
Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gil Guerra-Junior
Gil Guerra-Junior
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction The determination of steroid hormone concentration, which is part of the initial approach in the diagnosis of disorders of sex development (DSD), is one of the challenges in pediatric endocrinology ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Based on the
