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obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and circadian rhythmicity have been reviewed elsewhere ( 12 ). In one notable study, mice made obese by a high-fat diet exhibit reduced amplitude of circadian rhythms ( 17 ), although these effects may be due to diet
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University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
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Introduction The hypothalamopituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis tightly regulates cortisol secretion ( 1 ). Cortisol is secreted in a circadian rhythm with a brisk increase upon awakening and a nadir around midnight ( 1 ). Food is an external factor
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Introduction Artificial light exposure at night has become commonplace throughout the developed world ( 1 , 2 ). Light has been linked to various complex mechanisms such as the synchronisation of the circadian system ( 3 ). Circadian rhythms
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suspected CS was confirmed by the lack of cortisol suppression after 1 mg dexamethasone (10 µg/dL, n.v. <1.8) and the absence of a cortisol circadian rhythm (midnight serum cortisol, MserC, 12 µg/dL; n.v. <7.5). Which clinical features are the
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Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai, China
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The 24-h UFC excretion, the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and cortisol secretion circadian rhythm were used as the first-line screen tests to identify patients with CS after exclusion of exogenous glucocorticoids exposure
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profiles in adult patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency have shown a substantial circadian rhythm highly influenced by glucocorticoid replacement ( 6 ). Most recent clinical guideline from the US Endocrine Society suggests levels of androstenedione and 17
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months ( 11 ). At the end of the 3 months, dual-release hydrocortisone mimicked the physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, confirming the results these authors had previously published in a phase 1 study ( 9 ). Moreover, the authors also
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion whereby, in the evening, cortisol secretion is higher in CS patients than in normal subjects ( 4 ). Therefore, assessment of LNSC, without the impracticality of hospitalisation and disruption of a normal routine, would
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Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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appearance, unilateral abnormality, and bilateral abnormalities. AVS All AVS procedures were performed by an interventional radiologist with 15 years of experience and in the morning to avoid bias resulting from the circadian rhythms of aldosterone
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taking the dose on waking in the morning. MRHC has delayed release and sustained absorption was called Chronocort during development and has been shown to mimic the normal circadian rhythm of cortisol ( 13 , 14 ). MRHC is taken twice daily, at bedtime