Search for other papers by Zheng Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Haixia Zeng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qiulan Huang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Cuiping Lin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xuan Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shaohua Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jian-ping Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
4 expression is higher in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue, which may partly explain the association of elevated waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic
Search for other papers by Dorte Glintborg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Magda Lambaa Altinok in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pernille Ravn in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kurt Bjerregaard Stage in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kurt Højlund in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marianne Andersen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background/aims
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, adrenal hyperactivity and decreased mental health. We aimed to investigate the changes in adrenal activity, metabolic status and mental health in PCOS during treatment with escitalopram or placebo.
Methods
Forty-two overweight premenopausal women with PCOS and no clinical depression were randomized to 12-week SSRI (20 mg escitalopram/day, n = 21) or placebo (n = 21). Patients underwent clinical examination, fasting blood samples, adrenocorticotroph hormone (ACTH) test, 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and filled in questionnaires regarding mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL): WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Major Depression Inventory (MDI), Short Form 36 (SF-36) and PCOS questionnaire.
Results
Included women were aged 31 (6) years (mean (s.d.)) and had body mass index (BMI) 35.8 (6.5) kg/m2 and waist 102 (12) cm. Escitalopram was associated with increased waist (median (quartiles) change 1 (0; 3) cm), P = 0.005 vs change during placebo and increased cortisol levels (cortisol 0, cortisol 60, peak cortisol and area under the curve for cortisol during ACTH test), all P < 0.05 vs changes during placebo. Escitalopram had no significant effect on measures of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, fasting lipids, mental health or HRQoL.
Conclusion
Waist circumference and cortisol levels increased during treatment with escitalopram in women with PCOS and no clinical depression, whereas metabolic risk markers, mental health and HRQol were unchanged.
Search for other papers by Peiwen Zheng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fan Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hui Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hanlu Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mengtong Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Haozheng Ma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jue He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Li Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yanlong Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Haiyun Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Objective
This study aimed to reveal associations between metabolic hormones in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and cigarette smoking-induced weight gain and to explore the underlying mechanism.
Methods
A total of 156 adult men were included, comprising active smokers and nonsmokers. In addition to demographic information and body mass index (BMI), plasma levels of ApoA1 and ApoB, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the participants were measured. Moreover, the metabolic hormones adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A, as well as the trace elements iron and zinc in CSF, were assessed.
Results
Compared to nonsmokers, active smokers showed higher BMI, and elevated CSF levels of FGF21, Zn, and Fe, but decreased levels of metabolic hormones adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A. Negative correlations existed between CSF FGF21 and ghrelin, between CSF Zn and ghrelin, as well as between CSF Fe and orexin A in active smokers. Furthermore, elevated CSF FGF21 and Zn predicted ghrelin level decrease in the smokers.
Conclusion
These data relate smoking-induced weight gain to its neurotoxic effect on the neurons that synthesize metabolic hormones such as adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, or orexin A in the brain, by disrupting mitochondrial function and causing oxidative stress in the neurons.
Search for other papers by Ferdinand Roelfsema in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diana van Heemst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ali Iranmanesh in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Paul Takahashi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rebecca Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Johannes D Veldhuis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Context
Studies on 24-h cortisol secretion are rare. The impact of sex, age and adiposity on cortisol levels, often restricted to one or a few samples, are well recognized, but conflicting.
Objective
To investigate cortisol dynamics in 143 healthy men and women, spanning 7 decades and with a 2-fold body mass index (BMI) range with different analytic tools.
Setting
Clinical Research Unit.
Design
Cortisol concentrations in 10-min samples collected for 24 h. Outcomes were mean levels, deconvolution parameters, approximate entropy (ApEn, regularity statistic) and 24-h rhythms.
Results
Total 24-h cortisol secretion rates estimated by deconvolution analysis were sex, age and BMI independent. Mean 24-h cortisol concentrations were lower in premenopausal women than those in men of comparable age (176 ± 8.2 vs 217 ± 9.4 nmol/L, P = 0.02), but not in subjects older than 50 years. This was due to lower daytime levels in women, albeit similar in the quiescent overnight period. Aging increased mean cortisol by 10 nmol/L per decade during the quiescent secretory phase and advanced the acrophase of the diurnal rhythm by 24 min/decade. However, total 24-h cortisol secretion rates estimated by deconvolution analysis were sex, age and BMI independent. ApEn of 24-h profiles was higher (more random) in premenopausal women than those in men (1.048 ± 0.025 vs 0.933 ± 0.023, P = 0.001), but not in subjects older than 50 years. ApEn peaked during the daytime.
Conclusion
Sex and age jointly determine the 24-h cortisol secretory profile. Sex effects are largely restricted to age <50 years, whereas age effects elevate concentrations in the late evening and early night and advance the timing of the peak diurnal rhythm.
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Emanuelle Nunes-Souza in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mônica Evelise Silveira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Monalisa Castilho Mendes in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Seigo Nagashima in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Guilherme Guilherme Vieira Cavalcante da Silva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Giovanna Silva Barbosa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Julia Belgrowicz Martins in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Lúcia de Noronha in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Luana Lenzi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by José Renato Sales Barbosa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rayssa Danilow Fachin Donin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Juliana Ferreira de Moura in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Laboratório Central de Análises Clínicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Search for other papers by Gislaine Custódio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Search for other papers by Cleber Machado-Souza in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Enzo Lalli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Search for other papers by Bonald Cavalcante de Figueiredo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Objective
Adaptive changes in DHEA and sulfated-DHEA (DHEAS) production from adrenal zona reticularis (ZR) have been observed in normal and pathological conditions. Here we used three different cohorts to assess timing differences in DHEAS blood level changes and characterize the relationship between early blood DHEAS reduction and cell number changes in women ZR.
Materials and methods
DHEAS plasma samples (n = 463) were analyzed in 166 healthy prepubertal girls before pubarche (<9 years) and 324 serum samples from 268 adult females (31.9–83.8 years) without conditions affecting steroidogenesis. Guided by DHEAS blood levels reduction rate, we selected the age range for ZR cell counting using DHEA/DHEAS and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), tumor suppressor and cell stress marker, immunostaining, and hematoxylin stained nuclei of 14 post-mortem adrenal glands.
Results
We confirmed that overweight girls exhibited higher and earlier DHEAS levels and no difference was found compared with the average European and South American girls with a similar body mass index (BMI). Adrenopause onset threshold (AOT) defined as DHEAS blood levels <2040 nmol/L was identified in >35% of the females >40 years old and associated with significantly reduced ZR cell number (based on PTEN and hematoxylin signals). ZR cell loss may in part account for lower DHEA/DHEAS expression, but most cells remain alive with lower DHEA/DHEAS biosynthesis.
Conclusion
The timely relation between significant reduction of blood DHEAS levels and decreased ZR cell number at the beginning of the 40s suggests that adrenopause is an additional burden for a significant number of middle-aged women, and may become an emergent problem associated with further sex steroids reduction during the menopausal transition.
Search for other papers by Marenao Tanaka in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tomohito Gohda in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nozomu Kamei in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Maki Murakoshi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tatsuya Sato in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mitsunobu Kubota in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michiyoshi Sanuki in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Erika Ishiwata in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Keisuke Endo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yusuke Suzuki in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Masato Furuhashi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that plays significant roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. High levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) including TNFR1 and TNFR2 are associated with renal dysfunction and increased mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the association between circulating levels of FABP4 and TNFRs remains unclear.
Methods: We investigated the associations of FABP4 with TNFRs and metabolic markers in Japanese patients with type 1 DM (T1DM, n=76, men/women: 31/45) and type 2 DM (T2DM, n=575, men/women: 312/263).
Results: FABP4 concentration was positively correlated with levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in both patients with T1DM and those with T2DM. Multivariable regression analyses showed that there were independent associations of FABP4 concentration with body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after adjustment of age and sex in both patients with T1DM and those with T2DM. FABP4 concentration was independently associated with circulating levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 after adjustment of the confounders in patients with T2DM but not in those with T1DM. Similarly, levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were independently associated with FABP4 concentration after adjustment of age, sex, systolic blood pressure, duration of DM and levels of eGFR, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein in patients with T2DM but not in those with T1DM.
Conclusion: FABP4 concentration is independently associated with levels of TNFRs in patients with DM, but the association is more evident in patients with T2DM than in those with T1DM.
Search for other papers by Emanuela Zaharieva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zdravko Kamenov in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tsvetelina Velikova in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Adelina Tsakova in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yosif El-Darawish in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Haruki Okamura in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an inflammatory cytokine found to be elevated in obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a part of the chronic low-grade inflammatory process in these states. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interleukin level in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of the adults (LADA) in comparison to that in T2D subjects.
Materials and methods
IL-18 was analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 76 participants with T2D and 24 with LADA and 14 control subjects. Evaluation was also carried out in body mass index (BMI)- and glycemic control-matched diabetic patients.
Results
The serum concentration of IL-18 was higher in patients with T2D (389.04 ± 203.44 pg/mL) and LADA (327.04 ± 144.48 pg/mL) than that in control subjects (219.88 ± 91.03 pg/mL), P < 0.05. However, it was not significantly different between both diabetic groups (P = 0.255) despite higher IL-6 (4.78 ± 5.84 vs 1.79 ± 0.96 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (2.60 ± 1.70 vs 1.29 ± 1.20 mg/L, P = 0.002) level in T2D patients. The results were persistent in BMI-matched subjects with diabetes (IL-18 = 403.48 ± 226.32 vs 329.30 ± 146.30 pg/mL, respectively for T2D and LADA, P = 0.391). The correlations in T2D group concerning HDL cholesterol (r = −0.377, P = 0.001), postprandial glucose (r = 0.244, P = 0.043), IL-6 (r = 0.398, P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (r = 0.427, P = 0.001) were not confirmed in LADA and control subjects.
Conclusion
The IL-18 serum level was higher in T2D and LADA than that in control subjects, but did not differ between both diabetic groups, even when they were BMI matched. Correlations with lipid, glycemic and inflammatory parameters were present in T2D only.
Search for other papers by B Fabre in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by G Maccallini in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A Oneto in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by D Gonzalez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by V Hirschler in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by C Aranda in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by G Berg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
, weight, and height were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kilograms)/height 2 (meters). Saliva samples The saliva samples were obtained by spontaneous salivation in sterilized tubes and samples were immediately stored at −80 °C
Search for other papers by Yumei Zhai in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Haiming Fu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yu Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Siyuan Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wenchen Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jianwei Yue in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zichao Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
determine the level of FPG, TC, TG, HDL-c, and LDL-C. All biochemical indices were determined by standard experimental methods. Study definitions Body mass index (BMI) was ascertained through the quotient of body mass in kilograms by the square of
Search for other papers by Angela Köninger in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Antonella Iannaccone in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ensar Hajder in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mirjam Frank in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Boerge Schmidt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ekkehard Schleussner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rainer Kimmig in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alexandra Gellhaus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hans Dieplinger in
Google Scholar
PubMed
-pregnant patients without ( n = 34) and with gestational diabetes mellitus ( n = 29), adjusted for maternal age and body mass index (BMI). Figure 4 HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) among pre-pregnant patients without ( n
