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Ivar Følling Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway

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Anna B Wennerstrøm Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway

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Tor J Eide Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

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Hilde Loge Nilsen Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway

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stimulation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors (GLP1R). GLP1R expression/protein has been found on phaeochromocytoma cells ( 42 ) and tumours ( 43 ), but whether they function normally or if they are expressed on cells positive for anti-insulin staining is

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Svjatoslavs Kistkins Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Othmar Moser Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

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Vitālijs Ankudovičs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Dmitrijs Blizņuks Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Timurs Mihailovs Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Sergejs Lobanovs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Harald Sourij Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany

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Valdis Pīrāgs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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, highlighting the role of insulin in the process. In response to increased blood glucose levels, insulin secretion is triggered by direct glucose stimulation via GLUT2 channel or indirectly via GLP-1R mediated response ( 17 ). This amplification of insulin

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Wenrui Wang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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Chuan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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, 104, 108, 109, 110) Liver cells Ectopically overexpressing PDX1 and NeuroD1 ; Down-regulating the expression of HNF1α and HNF4α ; Specific factors (GLP-1R, Notch inhibitors, TGF-β inhibitors) Conveniently accessible; Sufficient source

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Lei Lei Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Yi-Hua Bai Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Hong-Ying Jiang Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Ting He Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Meng Li Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Jia-Ping Wang Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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-cell-specific genes, such as insulin, Glut2, Pdx-1, Nkx6.1, GLP-1R, PC-1/3, and pyruvate carboxylase ( 36 ). Studies have shown that MAFA is an important regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ( 37 ), and it can drive insulin expression by binding to the

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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% reporting these measures as helpful, respectively. Additionally, 38% tried weight loss medications such as central stimulating agents, metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, and topiramate, and 48% found at least one of these

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Monia Cito Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Pellegrini Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

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Lorenzo Piemonti Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

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Valeria Sordi Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

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glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) combined with gastrin and exendin-4 also, synergistically promoted β cell reprogramming of acinar cells ( 57 ). Duct cells Reprogramming of ductal cells into β cells is one of the most controversial issue in

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Cecília Cristelo i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Alexandra Machado CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Bruno Sarmento i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal

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Francisco Miguel Gama CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Diabetes Association . Diabetes Care 2015 38 1964 – 1974 . ( https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1419 ) 21 Doggrell SA Do glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have potential as adjuncts in the treatment of type 1 diabetes? Expert Opinion

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Carolina Inda Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Natalia G Armando Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Paula A dos Santos Claro Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Susana Silberstein Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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signaling pathway. However, this persistent signaling has been subsequently reported for other GPCRs, including peptide hormone receptors, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) ( 167 ), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP

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