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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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humans. More studies are needed to clarify the relationship between vaspin and thyroid hormones. Visfatin Visfatin, previously defined as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor, is a 52-kDa cytokine expressed and secreted by lymphocytes (57) . Visfatin is

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Camila Aparecida Moma Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Icléia Siqueira Barreto Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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are processed by antigen-presenting cells (such as dendritic cells, macrophages, or B cells). To trigger the activation of a T cell, antigen presentation through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and binding to a co-stimulatory protein are

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access
Caiyan Mo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Tao Tong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ying Guo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zheng Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Liyong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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proliferation and in vitro human B cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation, and this effect is not mediated by IGF-1 ( 27 , 28 ), suggesting that GH itself may stimulate TRAb production by B lymphocytes. Besides, many studies have also elucidated

Article Type:
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Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0439
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 4
Open access
Jaafar Jaafar Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

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Eugenio Fernandez Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

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Heba Alwan Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

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Jacques Philippe Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

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surface of stimulated T cells (in the thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), B cells (spleen) and myeloid cells ( 2 ). In 1998, Nishimura et al . found that PD-1 is involved in the negative regulation of particular aspects of B cell proliferation and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0079
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Cecília Cristelo i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Alexandra Machado CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Bruno Sarmento i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal

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Francisco Miguel Gama CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

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, mostly by recruiting the VDR to the promoter of IL-10 ( 52 ). Drozdenko et al. further showed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -primed B cells display an impaired capacity to activate T cells ( 53 ). Overall, vitamin D exhibits a protective effect on β cells

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0484
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Marta Fichna Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Piotr P Małecki Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Magdalena Żurawek Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Katarzyna Furman Ludwik Perzyna Regional Hospital, Kalisz, Poland

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Bolesław Gębarski Regional Outpatient Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland

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Piotr Fichna Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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downregulates T cell responses; hence, its functional polymorphisms may impair protein action and lower the threshold for T cell activation ( 20 , 21 ). Finally, BACH2 is a transcription factor essential for B cell differentiation and class switch

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0008
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Ashley N Reeb Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Andrea Ziegler Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Reigh-Yi Lin Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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such as NOD/SCID mice or athymic nude mice for basic and preclinical research because they do not reject tumor cells transplanted from humans or other species. Athymic mice have no functional T cells. NOD/SCID mice have both T-cell and B-cell

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0114
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Open access
Yong Yu Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Lin-Lin Shi Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Hua-Wei Zhang Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Qian Wang Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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in obtaining an immediate and faster diagnosis which is used in the lymph node related to solid tumors and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( 18 ), cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis ( 19 ). Our review found many studies investigating the CLNM by

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0341
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Open access
Sofia S Pereira Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal

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Mariana P Monteiro Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal

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Sonir R Antonini Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

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Duarte Pignatelli Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal

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NCI-H295R ACC, adrenocortical carcinomas; AMG, urora kinases inhibitor; Bak, B-cell lymphoma 2 homologous antagonist/killer; Bax, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein; BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; BCL-W, B-cell lymphoma-like 2; BCL-XL, B-cell

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0114
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Giulia Bresciani Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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Angeliki Ditsiou Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

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Chiara Cilibrasi Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

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Viviana Vella Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

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Federico Rea Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Marco Schiavon Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Narciso Giorgio Cavallesco Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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Georgios Giamas Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

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Maria Chiara Zatelli Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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Teresa Gagliano Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

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supplemented with 5 μM sunitinib or/plus EGF 30 nM (A and C) and IGF1 100 nM (B and D); control cells were treated with a vehicle solution. (A and B) Cell viability was measured as luminescent output and evaluated in one experiment with six replicates; each

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0192
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Open access