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Peter D Mark Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Claus L Petersen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Andreas Kjaer Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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intra- and inter-observer variations. Studies based on cardiac MRI will therefore benefit from higher statistical power, and sample sizes required to detect significant differences are much smaller than studies based on echocardiography. Thus, it has

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0137
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
Sayaka Kawano Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Yukiko Kawagoe Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Kenji Kuwasako Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Satoshi Shimamoto Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Koji Igarashi Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Mariko Tokashiki Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Kazuo Kitamura Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Johji Kato Frontier Science Research Center, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, AIA Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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study. First, a lack of statistical power may need to be taken into account, because we examined a relatively small number of subjects with BW gain data based on the simple questionnaire. For example, differences in the plasma BNP or NT-proBNP levels

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0131
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
P R van Dijk Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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S J J Logtenberg Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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K H Groenier Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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N Kleefstra Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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H J G Bilo Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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H J Arnqvist Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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interpretation of the results of this study, it must be acknowledged that the original study was powered to detect differences in hypoglycaemic events between i.p. and s.c. insulin and not in IGF1 or IGFBP1 concentrations. In contrast to the studies carried out

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0089
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 1
Open access
Jing Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China
Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Leishen Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Huikun Liu Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Shuang Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Junhong Leng Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Weiqin Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Tao Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Nan Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Wei Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Andrea A Baccarelli Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA

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Lifang Hou Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Gang Hu Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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sizes of GDM-exposed children or research conducted among high type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk populations (Pima Indians and Chicago study ( 9 )). The present study included a large sample size of GDM and non-GDM mother–child pairs and had enough power to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0449
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Yusen Liu Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Ruiwen Chi Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Yujie Jiang School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Bicheng Chen Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Youli Chen Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Zengrui Chen Intensive Care Unit, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, China

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studies are limited in statistical power because of small study samples. Thus, we performed a systemic review and pooled these results using a meta-analytical approach. This study is critical for improving clinical practices regarding early detection and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0234
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Xiaomin Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Ling Fang Department of Breast Surgery, Cheng Du Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Hongjiang Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Xiaoqin Yang Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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. Steroids 1998 63 406 – 413 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-128x(9800041-5 ) 19 McGuinness BJ Power MJ Fottrell PF . Radioimmunoassay of 2-hydroxyestrone in urine . Clinical Chemistry 1994 40 80 – 85 . ( https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0226
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 12
Open access
Nadia Sabbah Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Hôpital de Cayenne, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies Métaboliques, Cayenne, Guyane Française

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Peter Wolf Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Céline Piedvache Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Séverine Trabado Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Tristan Verdelet Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Catherine Cornu Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC1407/UMR5558, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France

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Jean-Claude Souberbielle Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Paris, France

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Philippe Chanson Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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approved by the Paris-Sud Ethics Committee before beginning the study. Statistical methods The distribution of IGF-I values obtained with each assay was skewed and was thus first normalized by means of sex- and age-specific Box-Cox power

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0175
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
Caroline Y Hayashi Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danilo T A Jaune Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cristiano C Oliveira Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Bárbara P Coelho Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Hélio A Miot Department of Dermatology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Mariângela E A Marques Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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José Vicente Tagliarini Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Emanuel C Castilho Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Carlos S P Soares Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Flávia R K Oliveira Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paula Soares Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Gláucia M F S Mazeto Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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of nodes and classification tree size, very large trees with numerous nodes can be associated with overfitting and a lack of explanatory power ( 7 ). This did not prove to be a significant problem in this study as both the number of nodes and tree

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0648
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Yue-Yue Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qian Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Lu Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wen Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xiao-Quan Xu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Fei-Yun Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Hao Hu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Huan-Huan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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-center retrospective design with a relatively small sample size. Thus, the power and generalizability of our result need to be verified. Second, we only include specific populations with disease duration less than 18 months, which may result in potential selection bias

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0162
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Laszlo Samson Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ildiko Hircsu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Monika Katko Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Miklos Bodor Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Annamaria Gazdag Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Andrea Anett Gazso Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Bela Kovacs Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Janos Posta Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Eszter Balogh Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Peter Mocsary Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Harjit Pal Bhattoa Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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of smoking breastfeeding mothers. The main limitation of our study is that due to lack of power calculation, a type II error cannot be ruled out during comparisons of small subgroups. Furthermore, the cross-sectional study design prevented causality

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0166
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access