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Houstek J. beta-Adrenergic stimulation of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-6 expression in mouse brown adipocytes . FEBS Letters 1997 411 83 – 86 . ( doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00671-6 ) 76 Ikeda S Tamura Y Kakehi S Sanada H
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of PCOS ranges from 5 to 15% depending on the diagnostic criteria used ( 1 , 2 ). There is a general
National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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Introduction Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome was first described by Fishman et al. , and renamed ROHHAD by Ize-Ludlow et al. in 2007 ( 1 , 2 ). About 40
Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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– 4019 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205497 ) 44 Kolesnick R Golde DW . The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signaling . Cell 1994 325 – 328 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90147-3 ) 45 Han MS
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). Some stimuli, including cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1) and reactive oxygen species, can activate the JNK pathway and play an important role in regulating cell fate, including cell proliferation, gene expression and apoptosis
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Research, University of Washington, Box 356460, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, USA
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, which are known to promote labor (56, 57) . NFκB is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), lipopolysaccharides, and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β). Conversely, NFκB promotes the synthesis of cytokines, and
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Introduction In the biochemical landscape of thyroid dysfunction, iron (Fe) homeostasis abnormalities are frequently observed ( 1 , 2 ). The prevalence of anaemia in overt hyperthyroidism was found to be higher (14.6%) than in overt
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Introduction Gestational diabetes (GD) is defined as any glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GD has a prevalence of 7% worldwide, depending on the population studied and diagnostic criteria used ( 1 ). The
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1, as well as the inflammatory reaction of macrophages while increasing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 ( 15 , 16 ). However, metformin has a
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, and dyschezia ( 1 , 2 ). It has also been associated with an increased risk of asthma, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers ( 3 ). It is histologically characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial glands and