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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and high levels of growth hormone and IGF-binding protein-1 ( Fig. 1 ) ( 4 , 7 , 8 ). Because IGF-I stimulates the release of both GnRH and LH, a decline in IGF-I activity may, at least in part, explain

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0537
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 4
Open access
Maximilian Bielohuby Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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Martin Bidlingmaier Endocrine Research Laboratories, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Uwe Schwahn Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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other metabolic hormones. However, there are also examples from relatively stable circulating parameters in rodents, such as IGF-I, which seems to be only marginally affected by these variables (( 40 ) and unpublished observations). Unfortunately, there

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0035
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Henrik H Thomsen Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Holger J Møller Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Christian Trolle Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Kristian A Groth Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Anne Skakkebæk Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Anders Bojesen Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Christian Høst Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Claus H Gravholt Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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sex hormones, i.e. estrogen–progestin and testosterone, would impact circulating levels of sCD163. To that end we studied samples drawn from one study with KS, one with TS (24, 25, 26) , and one experimental study of acute male hypogonadism. We

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0067
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Xu Chen Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Yi Tang Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Shen Chen Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Wenhua Ling Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Qing Wang Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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that bind to insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II). IGFBP-2 has an RGD integrin-recognition motif and a heparin-binding domain ( 13 ). Studies have demonstrated that IGFBP-2 may be involved in the metabolic disease. A prospective study

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0353
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access
Peter Wolf Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Yvonne Winhofer Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Martin Krššák Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Michael Krebs Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia ( 71 ). It remains to be investigated whether this is due to increased lipid oxidation promoted by GH and IGF-1 or due to alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, i.e. de novo lipogenesis and lipolysis

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Ja Hye Kim Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Yunha Choi Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Soojin Hwang Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Gu-Hwan Kim Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Han-Wook Yoo Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jin-Ho Choi Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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rate or low IGF-1 levels. GH deficiency was defined as peak GH less than 10 ng/mL in both stimulation tests. The GnRH stimulation test was conducted using an i.v. bolus infusion of a standard dose of 60 μg/m 2 GnRH (Relefact ® , Sanofi

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0522
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Juan Pablo Kaski Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK

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Jovanna Dahlgren Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alberto Pietropoli Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Tilman R Rohrer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany

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Michel Polak Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

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weight SDS were calculated using age- and gender-specific national references. GH, growth hormone; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor I; SDS, standard deviation score. The most common concomitant medications were CNS stimulants (12

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0549
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Elin Kahlert Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Martina Blaschke Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Knut Brockmann Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Clemens Freiberg Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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Onno E Janssen Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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Nikolaus Stahnke Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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Domenika Strik Endokrinologikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Martin Merkel Endokrinologikum Hannover, Hannover, Germany

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Alexander Mann Endokrinologikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

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Klaus-Peter Liesenkötter Endokrinologikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Heide Siggelkow Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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following cut-off values, where GPT >35 U/I, GOT >35 U/I, and gamma-GT >40 U/I were considered as increased. We recorded the values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in %, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mg

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0418
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 11
Open access
Thomas Reinehr Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Children’s Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Martin Carlsson Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA

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Dionisios Chrysis Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA

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( 14 ). It is well known that GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) have also an impact on bone age ( 4 , 26 , 27 ). Therefore, deficiencies in GH and IGF-I lead to growth impairment and bone age delay, while overproduction or administration of GH

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
Eric Seidel Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Gudrun Walenda Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Clemens Messerschmidt Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Benedikt Obermayer Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Mirko Peitzsch Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Paal Wallace Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Rohini Bahethi Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Taekyeong Yoo Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Murim Choi Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Petra Schrade Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Vegetative Anatomie, Berlin, Germany

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Sebastian Bachmann Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Vegetative Anatomie, Berlin, Germany

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Gerhard Liebisch Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany

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Graeme Eisenhofer Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Dieter Beule Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany

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Ute I Scholl Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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with 50 µM mitotane and performed electron microscopy ( Fig. 2 , Supplementary Fig. 2). Untreated nonresistant ( Fig. 2A , B and C ) and resistant clones ( Fig. 2G , H and I ) displayed normal cellular and mitochondrial morphology with frequent

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0510
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 2
Open access