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Jay Toulany College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Sebastian D Parlee Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Christopher J Sinal Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Kathryn Slayter Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Shelly McNeil Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Kerry B Goralski College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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, 10 ). The established biological functions of chemerin including the recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation ( 3 , 9 , 11 ) and the regulation of adipogenesis, lipolysis and glucose metabolism ( 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ) have

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Paraskevi Kazakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Stavroula A Paschou Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Theodora Psaltopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Maria Gavriatopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Eleni Korompoki Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Katerina Stefanaki Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fotini Kanouta Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgia N Kassi Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Asimina Mitrakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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(101) Adrenalitis (101) Testes Semen virus detection (115) Impaired spermatogenesis (106) Direct virus effect (89, 106) Seminiferous injuries (106) Reduction in Leydig cells number (106) Inflammation (106) Ovaries Vaginal fluid

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Feifei Cheng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Noel Yat Hey Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Claudia Ha Ting Tam Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Yuying Zhang Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Cadmon King Poo Lim Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Guozhi Jiang Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Alex Chi Wai Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Tiffany Tse Ling Yau Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Lai Ping Cheung Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Aimin Xu Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Juliana C N Chan Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Ronald C W Ma Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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(CHD) and kidney disease in diabetes ( 13 , 14 ). Besides, lipocalin-2, a well-recognized biomarker of inflammation, infection, as well as kidney damage, may accelerate the development of diabetes by promoting IR and inflammation ( 15 ). However

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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Olga V Surovtseva Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Saskia Aan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anton T J Tool Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemarie van de Geer Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Korcan Demir Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

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Anja L M van Gucht Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Timo K van den Berg Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by unstimulated macrophages ( 26 , 27 ), a lower induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during acute inflammation ( 5 ) and impaired macrophage function in

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Ren-Lei Ji Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Lu Huang State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Yin Wang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Ting Liu Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Si-Yu Fan State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Min Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-Xiong Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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shown to have other potential physiological functions in the periphery, including involvement in immune response and inflammation ( 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ), regulating cardiovascular function ( 27 , 28 ), and natriuresis ( 29 ). The MC3R primarily

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Barbara J Boucher Blizard Institute, Barts & The London school of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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countered by increased glutathione provision ( 93 , 94 ). Obesity-related disorders include inflammation, which extends to tissues remote from adipose tissue (e.g. atheromatous plaque) ( 95 ). Thus, the reduced insulin secretory capacity and increased

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Myrian Velasco Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Carlos Larqué Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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José Romo-Yáñez Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico

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Marcia Hiriart Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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down-regulate the insulin pathway ( 19 ). Under conditions of nutrient overload, the increase in protein S6 kinase 1 (P70S6K1) levels in human visceral adipose tissue participates in the development of insulin resistance and inflammation ( 20 ). An

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Svjatoslavs Kistkins Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Othmar Moser Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

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Vitālijs Ankudovičs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Dmitrijs Blizņuks Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Timurs Mihailovs Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Sergejs Lobanovs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Harald Sourij Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany

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Valdis Pīrāgs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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improve endothelial function, promote glucose uptake, increase insulin production, decrease glucagon secretion, lower glucose production, and reduce inflammation. Similarly, both glucagon and insulin promote energy storage, stimulate insulin production

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Weiwei He School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Caoxin Huang Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xiulin Shi Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Menghua Wu School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Han Li School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Qiuhong Liu School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xiaofang Zhang Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Yan Zhao Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xuejun Li Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, China

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steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by the ballooning of hepatocytes and inflammation ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). NAFLD is now the most common chronic liver disease with a global prevalence of nearly 25%, while the global prevalence of NASH is estimated at 3% to 5

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Julia H Goedecke Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa

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Mehreen Tootla Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa

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Dheshnie Keswell Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa

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, fibrotic and inflamed adipocytes ( 25 ). We propose that the higher ERA expression in the gluteal depot of black SA women may protect these depots from adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, providing a favourable site for storage of excess

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