Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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were discussed with senior neurosurgeons. Pituitary function Pituitary hormone evaluation was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively based on clinical biochemical data including the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (s-GH and s-IGF-1
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auxological and/or other clinical features suggestive of GHD ( 14 ) and IGF-1 concentration <0 s.d. (reference ranges standardized for age and sex), GHD was confirmed by GH stimulation tests. Two different stimulation tests (clonidine and insulin hypoglycemia
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transcription regulators. Glucocorticoids modulate GH secretion by acting at the hypothalamic and pituitary level and can also influence downstream effectors like insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). For a long time, a model of biphasic dose-dependent effects
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High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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or indirect stimulation of production of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) are complex. GH is directly acting as a strong promoter in lipolytic signaling ( 65 ). In contrast, GH might also promote lipid synthesis and storage by induction of IGF-1
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and high levels of growth hormone and IGF-binding protein-1 ( Fig. 1 ) ( 4 , 7 , 8 ). Because IGF-I stimulates the release of both GnRH and LH, a decline in IGF-I activity may, at least in part, explain
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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pituitary volume) and also ACTH deficiency in 8% of the participants ( 42 ). The same author reported decreased IGF-1 levels in amateur kickboxers; 22% and 9% of them were diagnosed with GH and ACTH deficiency, respectively ( 54 ). In another study
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). Crosstalk between cell-surface GPCRs and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a pervasive phenomenon ( 38 ). The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is an RTK shown to have crosstalk with TSHR in brow fat and orbital fat of patients with thyroid
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other metabolic hormones. However, there are also examples from relatively stable circulating parameters in rodents, such as IGF-I, which seems to be only marginally affected by these variables (( 40 ) and unpublished observations). Unfortunately, there
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-adrenergic receptor levels. (70) 0.1 LNCaP Biphasic response. Increases the specific binding to GH and GH receptor expression within the first 24 h and reduces the binding at 72 h. (63) 0.1 LNCaP Increases gene expression of IGF-1, IGF
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caused primarily by activation of ETRA located in smooth muscle of blood vessels (122) . In addition, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a polypeptide with close structural homology to insulin and well-known effects in terms of activating cell