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Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Hajar Oghbaei Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Laura Lotz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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Reza Zarezadeh Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mahnaz Ranjkesh Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mohammad Nouri Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Amir Fattahi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Saba Nikanfar Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Ralf Dittrich Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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pathway ( 70 ). Additionally, apelin has antioxidant properties and could increase catalase activity and attenuate reactive oxygen species production ( 71 , 72 ). Since oxidative stress could have detrimental effects on embryo implantation ( 73 , 74

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D A Dart Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
Imperial College London, London, UK

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K Ashelford Division of Cancer and Genetics, Wales Gene Park, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK

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W G Jiang Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK

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, to test whether the AR ‘splicing’ event was unique to AR pathway inhibition or was a more general stress response, we subjected LNCaP cells to a variety of cellular stresses including hypoxia (mimicked by CoCl 2 ), DNA damaging stress (by

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Lu Liu
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Chunyan Li
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Peng Yang
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Jian Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China

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Dongmei Gan Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China

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Le Bu
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Manna Zhang
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Chunjun Sheng
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Hong Li
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Shen Qu
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Cermak K Shumelinsky F Alexiou J Gebhart MJ . Case reports: subtrochanteric femoral stress fractures after prolonged alendronate therapy . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2010 468 1991 – 1996 . ( doi:10.1007/s11999

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Lin Ji Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

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Huan-Tong Wu Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China

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Xiao-Yan Qin Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China

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Rongfeng Lan Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

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neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal region after emotional and physical stress at weaning, while wild-type mice show good survival of the hippocampal neurons ( 111 ). Furthermore, the hippocampal neurons derived from Cpe KO mice were rescued by the

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Xiuzhen Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Dan Xu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Ping Xu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Shufen Yang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Qingmei Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Yan Wu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Fengyi Yuan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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onset of diabetic cardiovascular complications than persistent hyperglycemia. Prior research has demonstrated that acute glycemic fluctuations could lead to CVD through oxidative stress and nuclear factor-κB activation ( 30 , 31 ). Moreover, a positive

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Mohamed Asrih Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Flore Sinturel Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Richard Dubos Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Idris Guessous Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Zoltan Pataky Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Charna Dibner Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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-β (TGF-β) family, has been identified as a stress-responsive cytokine and metabolic modulator whose expression is markedly elevated in response to stress conditions, aging, obesity, and diabetes ( 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). In

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Gregory Knowles Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK

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Emily Warmington College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Lisa M Shepherd Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Jonathan M Hazlehurst Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Anne de Bray Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Wiebke Arlt Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK

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Alessandro Prete Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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dosage of which should be increased under stressors, such as infection, trauma or surgery, to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises, with increased stress doses recommended for patients with PAI and COVID-19 (1, 2 , 3 ). Despite advancements in

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Xue-Lian Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xinyi Zhao Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Wu Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Wen-qing Huang Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Jun-jiang Chen Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Peijie Hu Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Wei Liu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yi-Wen Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin Hao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Rong-Rong Xie Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Hsiao Chang Chan Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China

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Ye Chun Ruan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Hui Chen Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Jinghui Guo Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mouse model via reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and pathological remodeling ( 7 ). However, despite the suggested therapeutic potential of Ang(1–7) for diabetes, whether the expression of endogenous Ang(1–7) and MAS-1 is

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Tao Gao Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Rui Liu Department of Oncology. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Chunli Li Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xinglin Chu Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qiao Guo Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Dazhi Ke Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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development ( 24 , 25 , 26 ). As the main apolipoprotein in chylomicrons and LDL, APOA4 is related to lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress ( 27 , 28 , 29 ). FTCD plays an important role in inducing the production of ROS, mitochondrial

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Arno Téblick Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Lies Langouche Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Greet Van den Berghe Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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hallmark of critical illness, is the immediate initiation of multiple physiologic processes in an attempt to rebalance the complex dynamic equilibrium, commonly known as homeostasis. This so-called ‘stress response’ comprises many tightly controlled neural

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