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, lactose intolerance, pancreatic insufficiency, short-bowel syndrome), systemic medical conditions (cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome), concomitant use of other drugs (proton pump inhibitor, ferrous salts, calcium carbonate, laxatives
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important public health problem ( 2 ). Vitamin D has been well known for its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization ( 2 ). Beyond the established relationship between vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal diseases
Endocrinology Unit 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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characterization and the following data were available from basal evaluation: age, gender, BMI, NYHA class, blood pressure, ejection fraction, PTH levels and albumin-adjusted serum calcium. In all patients, 25OHD levels were measured by high-performance liquid
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Introduction Gitelman syndrome (GS) (OMIM 263800) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular salt-wasting disorder that is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia and low urinary calcium, with secondary renin
Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
IMED Biotech Unit, Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, UK
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Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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preoperative localisation modalities in our centre shifted from pancreatic angiography and intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic vein catheterisation to endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). When used, angiography regionalised 5 of 8 lesions, and when used for
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group consisted of six patients. All of them exhibited multiple short metatarsal bones, cone-shaped epiphyses, hypothyroidism and normal serum calcium and phosphorus levels, although serum iPTH levels were elevated compared to the normal level in all
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-013-8361-3 ) 5 Kovacs CS Kronenberg HM . Maternal-fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation . Endocrine Reviews 1997 18 832 – 872 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.18.6.0319 ) 6 Specker BL Do North American women need
Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, and beta-blockers, were withdrawn before the test. α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists or nondihydropyridine calcium
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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been implicated in CRHR functions, including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, PKA, Akt, NFkB, GSK-3b/Wnt, RhoA as well as other important signaling molecules such as cAMP, calcium, IP3 and nitric oxide/cGMP ( 10 ). Here, we review the principal characteristics
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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in most tissues of the body ( 1 ). Initially related to rickets in children, vitamin D is nowadays considered as a vitamin/hormone with multiple functions, such as intestinal calcium absorption, involvement in cell proliferation and inflammation