Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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components, and related cardiometabolic risk factors, including measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Cortisol may not be the only glucocorticoid involved in metabolic syndrome as humans also produce
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes is typically characterized by insulin resistance and failure of the pancreatic beta cells to compensate for this abnormality ( 1 ). Exercise training is essential in diabetes management ( 2 ), and the beneficial
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directly by a direct vitamin D receptor-dependent inhibition of the critical molecular components of adipogenesis, as well indirectly by inducing insulin resistance and elevated PTH concentrations. Therefore, the main aim of our study is to investigate
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hepatocellular carcinoma is higher than 10% in 5 years (6) . It is therefore important to define the causes of NAFLD. Adult-onset GH deficiency (AOGHD) constitutes a specific model of metabolic syndrome (7, 8) , with visceral obesity, insulin resistance
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HGD group. In contrast, HGD-fed mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. These findings suggested that HGD promotes insulin resistance and the development of T2DM. Fecal counts were reduced in both the HGD and HFD
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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may cause hepatic steatosis which in some individuals leads to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance ( 4 , 5 ). However, the exact mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes have not been identified. Alcohol has been found
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metabolic syndrome, with visceral obesity, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, increased sympathetic activity, and a pro-inflammatory profile (3, 4, 5) . Although GH replacement therapy has been shown to reduce the risk profile (6) , it is still
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adipokine profile ( 17 , 18 ). In contrast, mice depleted of Nrg4 or ErbB4 developed metabolic disorders as shown by development of obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance ( 14 , 19 ). Considering
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, and favor LDL cholesterol uptake and catabolism ( 3 ). On the other hand, progesterone induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, resembling the physiological state of pregnancy ( 4 ). Of note, progestins may bind not only the progesterone receptor
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Introduction Overt hypothyroidism (OH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are characterized by the coexistence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, insulin resistance (IR), elevated inflammatory markers, altered hemodynamic