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Yun Cai Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jieni Yan Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yong Gu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Heng Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yang Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xinyu Xu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Mei Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Liping Yu Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Xuqin Zheng Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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, develops through a complex interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors which result in autoimmune destruction of the specific organs involving humoral and cellular immune responses ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 9 ). Many studies have showed the prevalence

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Tingting Xia Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Hongru Sun Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Hao Huang Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Haoran Bi Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Rui Pu Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Zhang Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Yuanyuan Zhang Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Ying Liu Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Jing Xu Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Justina Ucheojor Onwuka Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Yupeng Liu Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Binbin Cui Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Yashuang Zhao Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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development of CRC involves alterations not only in tumor tissues but also other organ systems, including the immune system ( 13 , 14 ). Leukocytes serve as a major component of immunology and have the advantages of easy access and detection. Analyses have

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Xuan Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Tingting Zheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chaoming Mao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xin Dong Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xiao Mou Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chengcheng Xu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Qingyan Lu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Baocui Liu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Shengjun Wang Department of Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China

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Yichuan Xiao Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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, the role of the MRP14 homodimer is not clear in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). HT is characterised by infiltration of thyroid-specific T lymphocytes and other immune cells, thyroid enlargement and fibrosis and progressive destruction of thyrocytes

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Eva Olga Melin Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
Region Kronoberg, Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden

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Jonatan Dereke Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund, Sweden

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Maria Thunander Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden

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Magnus Hillman Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund, Sweden

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activation of the innate immune system causing systemic inflammation ( 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). We have previously shown in these patients with T1D that depression was associated with inadequate glycaemic control ( 8 ), and with high midnight salivary

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Anela Blažević Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Anand M Iyer Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Marie-Louise F van Velthuysen Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Johannes Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Peter M van Koestveld Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Gaston J H Franssen Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Marina Zajec Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Theo M Luider Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Wouter W de Herder Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Leo J Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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effect was enhanced when MAOI was used in combination with immune checkpoint anti-PD-1 treatment ( 24 ). Also, MAO-A promotes tumor-associated macrophages’ immunosuppressive functions via upregulation of oxidative stress which could be regulated by the

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Keiko Ohkuwa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiminori Sugino Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryohei Katoh Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Mitsuji Nagahama Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Wataru Kitagawa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kenichi Matsuzu Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Akifumi Suzuki Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Chisato Tomoda Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiyomi Hames Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Junko Akaishi Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Chie Masaki Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kana Yoshioka Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Koichi Ito Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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monocytes, have been reported as prognostic factors in various cancers ( 28 , 29 ). Lymphocytes play an important role in host tumor immunity, for example, by inhibiting cytotoxic cell death and tumor cell proliferation and migration ( 30 , 31 , 32 ). A

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Josef Köhrle Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany

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Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Susan A Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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- and gender-dependent diseases and health protection. Multiple interconnections with vitamin D have been revealed for auto-immune diseases. Some of these topics are expected to be the subject of further articles in this special series. Vitamin D

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Huiyuan Zhai Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Dongxu Wang Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Yong Wang Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Hongwei Gu Central Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Juan Jv Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Liangliang Yuan Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Chao Wang Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Leiyao Chen Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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as a signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation, activated by various stress signals, including viral infections. Upon cytoplasmic DNA binding, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) facilitates the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate

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Qian Yang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wencai Ke Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Fanfan Pan Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xinmei Huang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingbing Zha Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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the aim of the study. The mechanism of GD in patients with neutropenia is not completely clear. The current data cannot determine the relationship between the RAIU and the functional status of immune cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G

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Danzhou Fang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Shiying Li Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Changgu Zhou Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Yirui Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Gengbiao Yuan Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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HuiHui Zhang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Maohua Rao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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( 15 ). For autoimmune hepatitis, the primary therapeutic approach is immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids to quell the immune response causing liver inflammation. Monitoring of liver function, viral load, and disease progression is key to

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