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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is characterised by inadequate steroid hormone secretion caused by intrinsic adrenal cortex disease ( 1 ). The most common causes of PAI are Addison’s disease (AD), usually resulting from
Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of Pharmacy, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Medical School, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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overlapping disease spectrum because many compound heterozygous patients carry more than one mutation on either or both CYP21A2 alleles ( 7 ). In salt-wasting CAH, there is no cortisol or aldosterone production with a consequent increase in steroid
Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Menopause, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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sulfotransferase (SULT2 A1) drive these precursors toward the synthesis of ∆4 steroids and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), respectively ( 7 ). After exclusion of other hyperandrogenemic conditions such as hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction and the
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Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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, missing values in at least one of the cofounding covariates, persons treated with exogenous sexual hormones (anti-estrogens, androgens, anti-androgens, enzyme-inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and anabolic steroids). Further, we excluded
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steroids leading to complementary roles in maintaining reproductive success. Kiss1 AVPV/PeN neurons, which are vestigial in males, have been shown to play a major role in driving the preovulatory LH surge in females in response to the positive feedback of
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Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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1991, a substance ‘indistinguishable from ouabain’ was identified by mass spectroscopy (MS) as an endogenous cardiotonic steroid (CTS) in human plasma ( 54 ). This discovery was validated by MS and NMR identification of EO in bovine, rodent and human
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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used a fixed average level of albumin in both the algorithm by Vermeulen et al. and Zakharov et al. Both testosterone and SHBG were measured using immunoassays. Measurements of sex steroids by use of immunoassays have been criticized for being less
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(IA) methods. Although liquid chromatography–tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) is recognized as the gold standard method to measure steroid levels ( 18 ), MS requires specialized equipment and highly skilled technicians, which prevents its use in most clinical
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Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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throughout pregnancy ( 4 ). During early gestation, maternal GCs are the main supply. By the second half of gestation, the fetal adrenal starts producing its own steroids, predominantly sex steroids (which serve as a substrate for the placental production of
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Karonova T Vitamin D supplementation guidelines . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2018 175 125 – 135 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.021 ) 5 Vieth R Why the optimal requirement for vitamin D3 is probably much higher