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Srdjan Pandurevic Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Ilaria Mancini Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy

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Dimitri Mitselman Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Matteo Magagnoli Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Rita Teglia Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Roberta Fazzeri Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Paola Dionese Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Carolina Cecchetti Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Massimiliamo Caprio Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy

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Costanzo Moretti Department of Systems Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Justyna Sicinska Dermatology Clinic of CSK MSWiA Hospital, Warsaw, Poland

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Alessandro Agostini Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Domenica Gazineo Teaching Hospital, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy

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Lea Godino Teaching Hospital, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy

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Ignacio Sajoux Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Spain
Medical Department Pronokal Group, Barcelona, Spain

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Flaminia Fanelli Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Cristina M Meriggiola Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy

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Uberto Pagotto Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Alessandra Gambineri Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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, ovulation, ovarian morphology, and psychological well-being and distress (secondary outcomes). Material and methods Subjects Thirty-two consecutive women of a reproductive age (18–45 years) and with a BMI between 28 and 40 kg/m 2 attending the

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Claus H Gravholt Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Alberto Ferlin Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Joerg Gromoll Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Armin Raznahan Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Sophie van Rijn Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Anne Skakkebæk Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Nicole Tartaglia Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Hanna Swaab Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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occur normally in 47,XYY, with the extra Y chromosome being lost during spermatogenesis ( 62 , 63 ), so that many 47,XYY men have fathered chromosomally normal children. In trisomy X syndrome, premature ovarian failure (primary ovarian insufficiency) is

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Robert A Hart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Robin C Dobos NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Linda L Agnew Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Neil A Smart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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James R McFarlane Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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related to energy balance. In skeletal muscle, leptin is known to stimulate energy expenditure and increase the oxidation of fatty acids, while reducing the uptake of glucose ( 16 ); whereas in various tissues including bone ( 17 ), the gut ( 18 ) and

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Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska National Institute of Health, NIDDK, Office 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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John Costello Jr Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Kirk Jensen Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Aneeta Patel Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Rok Tkavc Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Douglas Van Nostrand Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Kenneth D Burman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Vasyl Vasko Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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in the damaged cells and tissues such as activation of DNA repair, activation of signal transduction, expression of radiation response genes and stimulation of proliferation ( 2 ). These pathways can be important for cell or tissue recovery after

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A Bergougnoux Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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L Gaspari Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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M Soleirol Département de Pediatrie, CHU Nîmes, France, Université de Montpellier Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Montpellier, France

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N Servant Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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S Soskin Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

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S Rossignol Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

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K Wagner-Mahler Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Nice, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France

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J Bertherat Department of Endocrinology, French Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

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C Sultan Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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N Kalfa Department of Pediatric Urological Surgery, French Reference Center for abnormalities of Genital Development (DevGen), CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France

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F Paris Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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hyperandrogenism warrant investigations to rule out an adrenal or ovarian disorder, particularly polycystic ovary syndrome and nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( 2 , 3 ). In few patients, the clinical expression of hyperandrogenism is more severe with

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Makris A Randall RW Daniels G Kistner RW Ryan KJ Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of ovarian stroma obtained from women with hyperandrogenism . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1986 62 904 – 910

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Martin Bidlingmaier Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Ana-Claudia Latronico Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Martin O Savage Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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samples to analyse GH, with levels from 3 to 12 ng/mL reported. The assay methods used also significantly affected the GH concentration determined. Wagner et al . ( 15 ) analysed GH in samples from stimulation tests in children and, as a reference, used

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Thabiso R P Mofokeng Department of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

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Salem A Beshyah Department of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, Duabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Endocrinology, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Fazleh Mahomed Department of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

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Kwazi C Z Ndlovu Department of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

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Ian L Ross Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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.863  Graves’ disease 67 (4.6) 36 (4.4) 0.826 103 (4.5, 3.7–5.4) <0.001  Pernicious anaemia 123 (8.3) 64 (7.7) 0.604 187 (8.1, 7.0–9.3) <0.001  Premature ovarian insufficiency 86 (5.8) 57 (6.9) 0.317 143 (6.2, 5

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Yali Cheng Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qiaoying Lv Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingyi Yang Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Weiwei Shan Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chengcheng Ning Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bing Li Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Liying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Gu Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xuezhen Luo Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaojun Chen Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qin Zhu Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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implantation of estrogen pellet and/or high-fat diet to mimic sustained estrogen stimulation and insulin resistance. The present study unraveled alterations in endometrial transcriptome profile and associated molecular pathways, which might disturb the

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R C S van Adrichem
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L J Hofland
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R A Feelders
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M C De Martino
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P M van Koetsveld
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C H J van Eijck Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Sector of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-430, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R R de Krijger Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Sector of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-430, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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D M Sprij-Mooij
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J A M J L Janssen
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W W de Herder
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elevated sCgA. Although we have no obvious explanation for these findings, we suggest that IR-A expression has predominantly tumor-stimulating functions in more advanced tumors in contrast to other IGF-related genes, which are involved in the

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