Kjersti S Bakken
Kjersti S Bakken
Women’s Clinic, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kristina Randjelovic Nermo
Kristina Randjelovic Nermo
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø
Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø
Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tim I M Korevaar
Tim I M Korevaar
Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Tor A Strand
Tor A Strand
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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–20 weeks and is therefore dependent on maternal thyroid hormones ( 10 , 11 ). Although Norway has been considered iodine sufficient, pregnancy is a state of increased iodine demand and recent evidence suggests that mild and moderate iodine deficiency is
David S McLaren
David S McLaren
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Aarani Devi
Aarani Devi
Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Nikolaos Kyriakakis
Nikolaos Kyriakakis
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Michelle Kwok-Williams
Michelle Kwok-Williams
Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Robert D Murray
Robert D Murray
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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hormone deficiencies is not fully understood but may result from a combination of damage to hypothalamic nuclei, portal vasculopathy, pituitary fibrosis, or the development of pituitary atrophy secondary to hypothalamic damage. HP dysfunction can present
Charlotte Höybye
Charlotte Höybye
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Erik Wahlström
Erik Wahlström
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Petra Tollet-Egnell
Petra Tollet-Egnell
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Gunnar Norstedt
Gunnar Norstedt
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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(3) . Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) syndrome is a well-defined clinical entity, including abnormal body composition, poor quality of life, dyslipidaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and mortality (4, 5) . GH has systematically been given
Athanasios Zervas
Athanasios Zervas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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George Chrousos
George Chrousos
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sarantis Livadas
Sarantis Livadas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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retardation, etc.) • Rheumatological (chronic juvenile arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) Endocrine diseases • Growth hormone/IGF-1 deficiency or insensitivity • Hypothyroidism • Hypercortisolism • Precocious puberty
Lukas Plachy
Lukas Plachy
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lenka Petruzelkova
Lenka Petruzelkova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Petra Dusatkova
Petra Dusatkova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klara Maratova
Klara Maratova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dana Zemkova
Dana Zemkova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lenka Elblova
Lenka Elblova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vit Neuman
Vit Neuman
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stanislava Kolouskova
Stanislava Kolouskova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Barbora Obermannova
Barbora Obermannova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marta Snajderova
Marta Snajderova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zdenek Sumnik
Zdenek Sumnik
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Lebl
Jan Lebl
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stepanka Pruhova
Stepanka Pruhova
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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familial short stature ( 6 ). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) type II ( GH1 gene) is one example. Another possibility is rare AD inheritance of mutations in genes affecting pituitary morphogenesis and differentiation (e.g. POU1F1 , GLI2 , LHX4 , PITX2
A Bergougnoux
A Bergougnoux
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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L Gaspari
L Gaspari
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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M Soleirol
M Soleirol
Département de Pediatrie, CHU Nîmes, France, Université de Montpellier Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Montpellier, France
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N Servant
N Servant
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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S Soskin
S Soskin
Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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S Rossignol
S Rossignol
Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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K Wagner-Mahler
K Wagner-Mahler
Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Nice, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
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J Bertherat
J Bertherat
Department of Endocrinology, French Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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C Sultan
C Sultan
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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N Kalfa
N Kalfa
Department of Pediatric Urological Surgery, French Reference Center for abnormalities of Genital Development (DevGen), CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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F Paris
F Paris
Service de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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MM New MI Ten S Sultan C & Bhangoo A . The clinical and molecular heterogeneity of 17βHSD-3 enzyme deficiency . Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2010 74 229 – 240 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000318004 ) 10 Hiort O Marshall L Birnbaum
Qiu-ming Yao
Qiu-ming Yao
Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bin Wang
Bin Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiao-fei An
Xiao-fei An
Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jin-an Zhang
Jin-an Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Liumei Ding
Liumei Ding
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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T2DM are still necessary to copy with the epidemic of T2DM. There is evidence to indicate that endogenous sex hormones play a vital role in the pathogenesis of T2DM ( 4 ). Some studies proposed that testosterone was possibly linked with T2DM risk
Sophie Howarth
Sophie Howarth
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Luca Giovanelli
Luca Giovanelli
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Catherine Napier
Catherine Napier
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Simon H Pearce
Simon H Pearce
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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or biochemically manifest ( 4 ). A proportion (~50%) of these patients progress to adrenal cortical destruction ( 5 ) but are able to compensate by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-driven hypertrophy of unaffected areas, as demonstrated by case
Kevin D Cashman
Kevin D Cashman
Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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also in non-skeletal processes ( 1 ), all of which can be compromised by vitamin D deficiency. Around a decade ago, we performed a detailed analysis of persistent knowledge gaps and research needs in vitamin D nutrition and public health, with
Marc Blondon
Marc Blondon
Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Emmanuel Biver
Emmanuel Biver
Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Olivia Braillard
Olivia Braillard
Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Marc Righini
Marc Righini
Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pierre Fontana
Pierre Fontana
Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Alessandro Casini
Alessandro Casini
Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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disability-adjusted life-years in both high- and low-income countries. With this massive burden, prevention efforts may yield important positive effects on the population’s health. In observational studies, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased
