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Lin Ji Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

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Huan-Tong Wu Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China

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Xiao-Yan Qin Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China

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Rongfeng Lan Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

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, but defects in processing of a variety of peptide hormones in brain and endocrine tissues are found to be associated with the obese phenotype in these mice. CCK, which has multiple functions in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Simon Chang Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark

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Arkadiusz J Goszczak NanoSYD, The Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark

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Anne Skakkebæk Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jens Fedder Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Anders Bojesen Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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M Vakur Bor Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Moniek P M de Maat Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Claus H Gravholt Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Anna-Marie B Münster Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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pathophysiology causing this massive excess risk is not clear. Impairment of fibrinolytic capacity potentially increases the risk of venous thromboembolism ( 12 , 13 ), and men with KS present with hypogonadism and central obesity, conditions associated with poor

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0490
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 5
Open access
I M A A van Roessel Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J E Gorter Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B Bakker Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M H Lequin Department of Radiology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J van der Lugt Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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L Meijer Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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H M van Santen Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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), resulting in pituitary insufficiency, decreased energy expenditure, overweight and obesity, disturbed day–night rhythm, loss of initiative, hyperphagia, and behavioral problems ( 14 ). Overweight and obesity are well-known risk factors for impaired bone

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0224
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 10
Open access
Martin Bidlingmaier Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Ana-Claudia Latronico Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Martin O Savage Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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important to consider that, even in healthy populations, IGF-I levels of some individuals will naturally fall outside the reference ranges of each assay, which is defined as the central 95% interval. There is also a need to consider how IGF-I levels are

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0177
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 10
Open access
N K Stepto Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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D Hiam Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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M Gibson-Helm Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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S Cassar Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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C L Harrison Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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S K Hutchison Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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A E Joham Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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B J Canny School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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A Moreno-Asso Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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B J Strauss Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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N Hatzirodos The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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R J Rodgers The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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H J Teede Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Diabetes and Endocrine Units, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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central characteristic ( 9 , 10 ), driving both hyperandrogenism and clinical features. The risk of T2D in PCOS is increased 4.4-fold independent of BMI ( 3 , 4 , 11 ) accounting for 23% of T2D in young women ( 12 ); yet, the underlying mechanisms of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0551
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 4
Open access
Cheryl M Isherwood Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

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M Denise Robertson Section of Metabolic Medicine, Food and Macronutrients, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

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Debra J Skene Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

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Jonathan D Johnston Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

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Introduction Many aspects of endocrinology and metabolism exhibit 24-h rhythms that are driven by an endogenous circadian timing system ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). This circadian system is comprised of a central light-entrained clock in the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0064
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Svjatoslavs Kistkins Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Othmar Moser Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

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Vitālijs Ankudovičs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Dmitrijs Blizņuks Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Timurs Mihailovs Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Sergejs Lobanovs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Harald Sourij Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany

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Valdis Pīrāgs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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Introduction: diabesity as a growing public health problem The epidemic of ‘diabesity’, a co-syndrome of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, is predicted to be one of the largest healthcare issues in human history ( 1 ). In 2016, over 650

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0529
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 5
Open access
Xiao Zong Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qin Fan Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hang Zhang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qian Yang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hongyang Xie Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qiujing Chen Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ruiyan Zhang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rong Tao Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities comprising central obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) or hyperglycemia, high triglyceride (TG) levels, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0645
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Open access
Amar Osmancevic School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Kristin Ottarsdottir School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margareta Hellgren School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Bledar Daka School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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and testosterone ( 8 ). Studies have proposed that obesity, comorbidities, and aging play a central role in this association, promoting androgen deficiency by the secretion of adipocytokines and CRP ( 5 , 7 ). Bianchi et al. found in their

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0141
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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failure or the inability to synthesize or respond to sex steroids; (2) permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by low levels of FSH and LH and can be caused by an abnormality in the central nervous system (CNS) or can be associated with

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0190
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access