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M L M Barreto-Chaves
M L M Barreto-Chaves
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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N Senger
N Senger
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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M R Fevereiro
M R Fevereiro
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A C Parletta
A C Parletta
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A P C Takano
A P C Takano
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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the thyroid gland is under strict regulatory control in the production and secretion of its hormones, there are conditions that can induce an imbalance of circulating TH levels. Graves’ disease, TSH-secreting adenomas and toxic multinodular goiter are
B Shahida
B Shahida
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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P Sahlstrand Johnson
P Sahlstrand Johnson
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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R Jain
R Jain
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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H Brorson
H Brorson
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Plastic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Plastic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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P Åsman
P Åsman
Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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M Lantz
M Lantz
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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T Planck
T Planck
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease is a prerequisite for the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), and both thyroid and orbital tissues are infiltrated by immunocompetent cells. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) acts
Boni Xiang
Boni Xiang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ran Tao
Ran Tao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinhua Liu
Xinhua Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoming Zhu
Xiaoming Zhu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Min He
Min He
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zengyi Ma
Zengyi Ma
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yehong Yang
Yehong Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhaoyun Zhang
Zhaoyun Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yiming Li
Yiming Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhenwei Yao
Zhenwei Yao
Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yongfei Wang
Yongfei Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hongying Ye
Hongying Ye
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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. None of the patients had a history of thyroid diseases. Methods Data on clinical findings, laboratory findings, imaging findings, treatment and outcome were obtained. All CD patients (microadenomas: 88/102, macroadenomas: 14/102) underwent
Henrik Falhammar
Henrik Falhammar
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hedi Claahsen-van der Grinten
Hedi Claahsen-van der Grinten
Department of Pediatric Endocrine Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Anna Nordenström
Anna Nordenström
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Robert Roehle
Robert Roehle
Coordinating Center for Clinical Studies, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Claire Bouvattier
Claire Bouvattier
Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Baudewijntje P C Kreukels
Baudewijntje P C Kreukels
Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Birgit Köhler
Birgit Köhler
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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on behalf of the dsd-LIFE group
on behalf of the dsd-LIFE group
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three larger groups of DSD, namely TS, KS and CAH. These reports have indicated increased risks of congenital abnormalities in TS, cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases mostly related to treatment, autoimmune disorders, tumors and psychiatric
Lauren Bell
Lauren Bell
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Ann Louise Hunter
Ann Louise Hunter
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Angelos Kyriacou
Angelos Kyriacou
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
CEDM Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Limassol, Cyprus
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CEDM Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Limassol, Cyprus
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Annice Mukherjee
Annice Mukherjee
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Akheel A Syed
Akheel A Syed
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Endocrinology & Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Introduction Thyrotoxicosis, a clinical state resulting from inappropriately high thyroid hormone levels, is a condition with multiple aetiologies ( 1 ). It is commonly caused by Graves’ disease (GD), toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG) or toxic
Jeonghoon Ha
Jeonghoon Ha
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jeongmin Lee
Jeongmin Lee
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kwanhoon Jo
Kwanhoon Jo
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Dong-Jun Lim
Dong-Jun Lim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Moo Il Kang
Moo Il Kang
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bong Yun Cha
Bong Yun Cha
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Min-Hee Kim
Min-Hee Kim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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. 27741547 13 Strieder TG Prummel MF Tijssen JG Endert E Wiersinga WM. Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross‐sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease . Clinical Endocrinology
June Young Choi
June Young Choi
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
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Jin Wook Yi
Jin Wook Yi
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jun Hyup Lee
Jun Hyup Lee
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ra-Yeong Song
Ra-Yeong Song
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hyeongwon Yu
Hyeongwon Yu
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
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Hyungju Kwon
Hyungju Kwon
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Young Jun Chai
Young Jun Chai
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Su-jin Kim
Su-jin Kim
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kyu Eun Lee
Kyu Eun Lee
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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article) shows the pathways that are significantly enriched by 545 upregulated DEGs in high VDR group, using DAVID. Cellular interaction, autoimmune thyroid disease, immune receptor-related signal pathways, cancer-related chemokine signaling and the JAK
Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pat Mahachoklertwattana
Pat Mahachoklertwattana
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wasun Chantratita
Wasun Chantratita
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nareenart Iemwimangsa
Nareenart Iemwimangsa
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Insee Sensorn
Insee Sensorn
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bhakbhoom Panthan
Bhakbhoom Panthan
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Poramate Jiaranai
Poramate Jiaranai
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Saisuda Noojarern
Saisuda Noojarern
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Patcharin Khlairit
Patcharin Khlairit
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sarunyu Pongratanakul
Sarunyu Pongratanakul
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chittiwat Suprasongsin
Chittiwat Suprasongsin
Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri
Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Preamrudee Poomthavorn
Preamrudee Poomthavorn
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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studies have provided more information on the causes of CH ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). To date, more than 20 disease-causing genes have been reported to be linked with the pathogenesis of CH ( 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). TD is defined as abnormal thyroid gland
Budoor Alemadi
Budoor Alemadi
Endocrinology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
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Fauzia Rashid
Fauzia Rashid
Endocrinology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
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Ali Alzahrani
Ali Alzahrani
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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the diagnostic accuracy of both USS and MIBI (USS: 71.4% sensitivity, 78.9% specificity; MIBI: 35.7% sensitivity, 42.1% specificity), possibly due to FN results (predominantly in autoimmune thyroid disease) and false-positive results (mainly in nodular
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biagio Cangiano
Biagio Cangiano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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irradiation Drugs (e.g., rexinoids or mitotane) Injuries Head trauma Traumatic delivery Vascular accidents Pituitary infarction Sheenan syndrome Subarachnoid hemorrhage Autoimmune disease
