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of developing diabetes ( 7 ). High SHBG levels are apparently also associated with lower incidence of insulin resistance in men ( 10 ). Furthermore, cross-sectional studies in non-diabetic men and women have shown an inverse relationship between SHBG
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foetus for development ( 5 ). The need for maternal insulin is an elevated result of gestational insulin resistance, which is impacted by attenuated food intake and placental hormone production. Consequently, the sizes of pancreatic β cells are enhanced
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insulin resistance and body composition. To limit the interference of individual factors, changes in three different thyrometabolic states in the same patients were also analysed. Patients and methods Study design and patient enrollment This
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-Hcy in PCOS women are associated with insulin resistance, excess androgens, abnormal heart rate recovery, and recurrent pregnancy loss ( 13 ). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that H-Hcy is significantly related to advanced AS in
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chromatography on the Variant™ II machine (Bio-Rad). Plasma glucose levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin concentration was determined by Auto DELFIA fluoroimmunoassay. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA
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), while obese men demonstrated decreased testosterone levels ( 4 ). Interestingly, obese women with increased androgens and obese men with low testosterone concentrations are more prone to metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes
International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
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The Child and Youth Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
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). Serious adverse health effects have been associated with high phthalate exposure such as alteration in reproductive development and increased risks of insulin resistance and obesity in human adults ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). Importantly, children may be
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-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, γ-GT, GOT, GPT, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, TSH, HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting plasma insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) according to
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measured by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) – despite increased fat mass percentage (6) . In these subjects, βCF – assessed by the insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) – also seems to be impaired
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FertilitySA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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, central adiposity), reproductive dysfunction (infertility, menstrual irregularity, miscarriage, pregnancy complications) and metabolic complications ( 6 , 7 ). Metabolic features include insulin resistance (IR), compensatory hyperinsulinaemia and