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M Jensterle Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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A Podbregar University Rehabilitation Institute Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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K Goricar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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N Gregoric Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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A Janez Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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 mg. At the beginning of the study, LSM was again actively promoted in both groups. A reduced intake of 500–800 kcal/day and a diet consisting of up to 50% of carbohydrates preferably with low glycemic index, 20% of proteins and 30% of fat, mostly mono

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Agnieszka Adamska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Aleksandra Maria Polak Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Anna Krentowska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Agnieszka Łebkowska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Justyna Hryniewicka Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Monika Leśniewska Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Irina Kowalska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism ( 11 ). In an experimental study, Meex et al . showed that fetuin-B impaired insulin action in myotubes and hepatocytes and caused glucose intolerance in mice, whereas knockdown of this protein in obese mice

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Christin Krause Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martina Grohs Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Alexander T El Gammal Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Stefan Wolter Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Hendrik Lehnert Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Oliver Mann Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Jens Mittag Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Henriette Kirchner Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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intrahepatic hypothyroidism . Endocrinology 2014 155 4591 – 4601 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1302 ) 9 Sinha RA Singh BK Yen PM. Thyroid hormone regulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism . Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Natalio García-Honduvilla Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain

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Alberto Cifuentes Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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Miguel A Ortega Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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Marta Pastor Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Garazi Gainza Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Eusebio Gainza Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Julia Buján Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain

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Melchor Álvarez-Mon Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain
Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

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pathological situations, as in patients suffering from diabetes and/or chronic ulcers of different aetiologies ( 2 ). Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease characterized by an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism with chronic hyperglycaemia and secondary

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Henri Honka Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Jukka Koffert Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saila Kauhanen Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Nobuyuki Kudomi Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

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Saija Hurme Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Andrea Mari Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

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Andreas Lindqvist Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Nils Wierup Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Riitta Parkkola Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Leif Groop Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Pirjo Nuutila Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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. Mixed-meal test Participants ingested a 250 kcal liquid meal solution (Nutridrink, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands), consisting of 40 g of carbohydrates, 6 g of fat and 9 g protein, in 10 min. PET scans were repeated twice

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Rehman Mehmood Khattak Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan

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Marcello R P Markus Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Jens-Peter Kühn Institute of Radiology, University Hospital, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden, Germany

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Marie-Luise Kromrey Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Giovanni Targher Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

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Antje Steveling Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Matthias Nauck Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Pediatric Endocrinology 2014 6 152– 157 . ( https://doi.org/10.4274/Jcrpe.1488 ) 23 Rosenbaum M Hirsch J Murphy E Leibel RL . Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion, and thyroid function . American

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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%) reported that their child had obesity and that they tried a variety of interventions for management of excess weight gain. The majority (92%) of patients living with obesity and CP attempted to restrict either calories or carbohydrates, with 31% and 69

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Mohamed Asrih Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Flore Sinturel Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Richard Dubos Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Idris Guessous Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Zoltan Pataky Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Charna Dibner Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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treatment (known to influence GDF15 levels), ALAT levels (a measure of liver health), LDL levels (a measure of lipid metabolism), HbA1c levels (a measure of carbohydrates metabolism), and interaction between sex, obesity status, and diabetes status. Although

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Rongpeng Gong Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Yuanyuan Liu Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Gang Luo Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Jiahui Yin College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China

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Zuomiao Xiao Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China

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Tianyang Hu Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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: the Women’s Health Initiative . Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2020 112 170 – 178 . ( https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz069 ) 12 Lee CL Liu WJ Wang JS . Associations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat intakes with all-cause mortality in

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Ying Pei Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Rui Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wanyu Chen Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shulin Yi Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Chen Huang Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shaochan Liang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hongying Cao School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yifei Xu Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

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Bo Tan Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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W & Shu XO . Prospective study of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese women . Archives of Internal Medicine 2007 167 2310 – 2316 . ( https://doi.org/10

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