Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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) could significantly relieve ER stress and apoptosis, and improve insulin homeostasis. The ER stress is involved in the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia ( 31 ). Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) derived from visceral adipose tissue
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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-coupled receptor TGR5 (2, 3, 4) . A study by Watanabe et al . (4) carried out in mice showed that cholic acid supplementation augmented energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue, caused weight reduction and improved insulin sensitivity. The effects were
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nonfatal coronary artery disease and those who did not ( 13 ). Prolactin receptors are widely distributed in the liver ( 14 ), endocrine pancreas ( 15 ) and in adipose tissue ( 16 ) pointing to a possible direct metabolic effect of prolactin. A number of
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results. It is well known that visceral fat deposits are the place of steroid hormones’ metabolism and the main source of adipokines and hormones ( 26 , 27 ). It should also be mentioned that adipose tissue expresses androgen, estrogen and progesterone
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Introduction The adipose tissue is a well-established source of multiple circulating peptides that are responsible for various metabolic effects ( 1 ). Visfatin/NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) has been recently recognized as an
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Medical Microbiology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Physiology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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intake, body weight and enhance uncoupling protein1 (UCP-1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) ( 20 ). However, the acute and chronic effects and mechanisms of ghrelin in the LPBN on feeding behavior and energy expenditure are yet to be elucidated
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state, adipose tissue could secrete more clusterin to the bloodstream. In addition, it is reasonable to speculate that inflammatory situations enhance the release of clusterin from adipose tissues or from the liver, as obesity is usually associated with
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is characterized by an expansion of adipose tissue with potentially high Dkk1 expression ( 15 ), we hypothesized that Dkk1 produced by adipocytes could play a key role in HFD-induced bone loss. Therefore, our primary objective was to assess the impact
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increase in insulin resistance (decrease in glucose uptake and glycolysis and increase in availability of free fatty acids) in adipose tissue and muscles, and to an increase in gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes (21) , and indeed, a significant correlation
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at least 10% needs to be achieved ( 9 ). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone expressed primarily by the liver and adipose tissue. Treatment with FGF21 induces weight loss in rodents, non-human primates and early clinical trials ( 10 , 11