Laura Chioma
Laura Chioma
Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Carla Bizzarri
Carla Bizzarri
Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Martina Verzani
Martina Verzani
Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Daniela Fava
Daniela Fava
Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Mariacarolina Salerno
Mariacarolina Salerno
Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Donatella Capalbo
Donatella Capalbo
Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chiara Guzzetti
Chiara Guzzetti
Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Laura Penta
Laura Penta
Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Luigi Di Luigi
Luigi Di Luigi
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy
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Natascia di Iorgi
Natascia di Iorgi
Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Mohamad Maghnie
Mohamad Maghnie
Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Sandro Loche
Sandro Loche
Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Marco Cappa
Marco Cappa
Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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, secreted by adipocytes, acts as a permissive stimulus on GnRH pulsatile secretion ( 33 , 34 ). On the contrary, adiponectin inhibits GnRH release resulting in a delayed onset of puberty. TNF-α and IL-6 inhibit the production of adiponectin
Tao Gao
Tao Gao
Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rui Liu
Rui Liu
Department of Oncology. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chunli Li
Chunli Li
Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xinglin Chu
Xinglin Chu
Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qiao Guo
Qiao Guo
Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dazhi Ke
Dazhi Ke
Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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, inhibits lipid synthesis, and reduces blood lipids. ADI is an endogenous bioactive polypeptide secreted by adipocytes that has attracted much attention because of its protective effect against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases ( 35 ). In vitro
Giorgio Bedogni
Giorgio Bedogni
Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Andrea Mari
Andrea Mari
Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
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Alessandra De Col
Alessandra De Col
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Sofia Tamini
Sofia Tamini
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Amalia Gastaldelli
Amalia Gastaldelli
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Alessandro Sartorio
Alessandro Sartorio
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Auxology, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Auxology, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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the hypothesis that lipids contribute to glucose intolerance ( 2 ). Accumulation of toxic lipid products in muscle, liver, adipocytes and β-cells is in fact likely to contribute to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction ( 3 ). In detail, RISC has
Esben S Lauritzen
Esben S Lauritzen
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Nikolaj Rittig
Nikolaj Rittig
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ermina Bach
Ermina Bach
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Niels Møller
Niels Møller
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Mette Bjerre
Mette Bjerre
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. It mediates glucose uptake by human adipocytes additively and independently to insulin ( 1 ). An increase in FGF21 leads to decreased
Lawrence D Hayes
Lawrence D Hayes
Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
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Peter Herbert
Peter Herbert
School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, Carmarthen, UK
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Nicholas F Sculthorpe
Nicholas F Sculthorpe
Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
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Fergal M Grace
Fergal M Grace
Faculty of Health, Federation University, Victoria, Australia
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.ando.2012.11.004 ) 2 Capllonch-Amer G Llado I Proenza AM Garcia-Palmer FJ Gianotti M. Opposite effects of 17-beta estradiol and testosterone on mitochondrial biogenesis and adiponectin synthesis in white adipocytes . Journal of
Anna C Simcocks
Anna C Simcocks
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kayte A Jenkin
Kayte A Jenkin
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Lannie O’Keefe
Lannie O’Keefe
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chrishan S Samuel
Chrishan S Samuel
Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Michael L Mathai
Michael L Mathai
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Andrew J McAinch
Andrew J McAinch
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Deanne H Hryciw
Deanne H Hryciw
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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T2DM, CBD does not have the same protective effects that are observed in diabetic animal and cell culture models ( 15 , 16 , 17 ). CBD also promotes a browning phenotype, lipolysis, thermogenesis and reduces lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ( 18
Stavroula A Paschou
Stavroula A Paschou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Eleni Palioura
Eleni Palioura
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Dimitrios Ioannidis
Dimitrios Ioannidis
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Panagiotis Anagnostis
Panagiotis Anagnostis
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Argyro Panagiotakou
Argyro Panagiotakou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Vasiliki Loi
Vasiliki Loi
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Georgios Karageorgos
Georgios Karageorgos
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Dimitrios G Goulis
Dimitrios G Goulis
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Andromachi Vryonidou
Andromachi Vryonidou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) reduces adipocyte hyperplasia associated with feeding rats a high-fat diet . International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 1997 21 1058 – 1064 . ( doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800516 ) 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800516 26
Feifei Cheng
Feifei Cheng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Noel Yat Hey Ng
Noel Yat Hey Ng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Claudia Ha Ting Tam
Claudia Ha Ting Tam
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yuying Zhang
Yuying Zhang
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cadmon King Poo Lim
Cadmon King Poo Lim
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Guozhi Jiang
Guozhi Jiang
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Alex Chi Wai Ng
Alex Chi Wai Ng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tiffany Tse Ling Yau
Tiffany Tse Ling Yau
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lai Ping Cheung
Lai Ping Cheung
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Aimin Xu
Aimin Xu
Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Juliana C N Chan
Juliana C N Chan
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ronald C W Ma
Ronald C W Ma
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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obesity, which involves the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 pathway, could result in the suppression of b-Klotho expression by TNF-α and hence impaired FGF21 action in adipocytes ( 25 ). FGF21 is also the upstream regulator of adiponectin. It can induce the
Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Amy E Mendham
Amy E Mendham
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Jon Hauksson
Jon Hauksson
Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Ali Alhamud
Ali Alhamud
Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
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The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
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Darko Stefanovski
Darko Stefanovski
Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Centre, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Olah Hakim
Olah Hakim
Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Jeroen Swart
Jeroen Swart
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Louise M Goff
Louise M Goff
Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Steven E Kahn
Steven E Kahn
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Tommy Olsson
Tommy Olsson
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Julia H Goedecke
Julia H Goedecke
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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association between insulin internalization, a measure of insulin clearance, and S I was observed in rat adipocytes ( 32 ), whereas the association between S I and insulin clearance in muscle is unknown. However, in support of the second scenario, we showed
Trevor Lewis
Trevor Lewis
Physiotherapy Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Eva Zeisig
Eva Zeisig
Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå Univerisity, Umeå, Sweden
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Jamie E Gaida
Jamie E Gaida
University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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exposure causes body-wide insulin resistance, the effect is tissue dependent and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity actually increases, which contributes to adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation ( 20 ). Similarly, glucocorticoid exposure
