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David P Sonne Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Asger Lund Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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diabetes. In both studies, basal and stimulated TSH concentrations were within normal range, but tended to be lower in type 2 diabetes patients vs controls (meal-study). This contrasts to the common observation of subclinical hypothyroidism in type 2

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0088
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 4
Open access
Shih-Rong Lin Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan

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Shih-Fen Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan

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Yu-Cih Yang Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

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Chung-Y Hsu Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

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Yu-Chih Shen Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan

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with subclinical vulnerability to PD by acting on PD’s biological substrate. For example, the thyroid hormone can increase dopamine catabolism or alter dopamine receptors’ sensitivity ( 15 ), which may cause symptoms in patients vulnerable to PD. It

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0554
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Hathairat Rueangdetnarong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Rattanaporn Sekararithi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Thidarat Jaiwongkam Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Sirinart Kumfu Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Theera Tongsong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Phudit Jatavan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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22–28 years after pregnancy ( 4 ). GDM is a metabolic disorder involving insulin resistance, like DM type 2, due to hormonal change during pregnancy ( 3 ). The pathophysiology of GDM is not clearly understood, but chronic subclinical inflammation

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0093
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
David J F Smith Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Hemanth Prabhudev Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sirazum Choudhury Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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until recently, and are often overlooked due to an appropriate fear of Addisonian crises. However, evidence of harm from a minor excess of cortisol is apparent from patients who have subclinical autonomous cortisol production with an associated increase

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0257
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Ramjan Sanas Mohamed Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Biyaser Abuelgasim Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sally Barker Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Hemanth Prabhudev Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Niamh M Martin Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Emma L Williams Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sarah Darch Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Whitlock Matthew Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Tricia Tan Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Florian Wernig Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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suspected to have cyclical CS, subclinical CS, pseudo-CS due to disrupted circadian rhythm or patients who were known non-compliant with the collection protocol were excluded from the study. The diagnosis of pituitary Cushing’s disease (CD) was confirmed by

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0050
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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( 84 ). Primary overt hypothyroidism is defined by an elevated level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in association with low serum free thyroxine (T4) levels, while subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by elevated TSH levels in association

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0490
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Vito Francic Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin Keppel Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

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Verena Schwetz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Christian Trummer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Marlene Pandis Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Valentin Borzan Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin R Grübler Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nicolas D Verheyen Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Marcus E Kleber Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Graciela Delgado Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Angela P Moissl Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Benjamin Dieplinger Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz, Linz, Austria

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Winfried März Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Germany GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany

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Andreas Tomaschitz Specialist Clinic of Rehabilitation Bad Gleichenberg, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria

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Stefan Pilz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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) and heart failure (HF) ( 7 ), with the risk of acute aortic dissection ( 8 ) as well as with subclinical brain injury and incident stroke ( 9 ). Hypertension is one of the strongest risk factors for almost all cardiovascular diseases, including HF

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Open access
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rafael Barrera Salgueiro Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Kaio Fernando Vitzel Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thiago Pantaleão Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Maria Tereza Nunes Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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disorders in the fetal development ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). However, recent studies have reported that IE consumption during pregnancy and/or lactation also increases the maternal susceptibility to develop hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism or

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0106
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 7
Open access
Renea A Taylor Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Jennifer Lo Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Natasha Ascui Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Matthew J Watt Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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associated metabolic and endocrine co-morbidities including increased visceral adipose tissue deposition, glucose intolerance, mild hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and subclinical inflammation. Xenograft studies that involve subcutaneous injection of

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0080
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Open access
Liselot Koelman Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

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Robin Reichmann Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

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Claudia Börnhorst Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

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Matthias B Schulze Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany

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Cornelia Weikert Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany

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Ronald Biemann Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Berend Isermann Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Andreas Fritsche Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Krasimira Aleksandrova Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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independent predictor of chronic subclinical inflammation. To guide strategies for precision prevention, better understanding of the factors that predispose elevated chemerin concentrations is highly warranted. The evidence, however, on the potential

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0273
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access