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, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). Quality of life can also be negatively affected in patients with untreated AGHD as a result of fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep impairment, sexual dysfunction, weight gain
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Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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following co-morbidities – T2D, obstructive sleep apnoea, therapy-resistant arterial hypertension. Exclusion criteria were malignancies, drinking more than three units alcohol per day, known liver pathologies other than NAFLD, and a recent diagnosis of hypo
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rise in haematocrit, which may be exaggerated by smoking, sleep apnoea or the use of diuretics. Androgens stimulate sebum production and therefore androgen abuse is frequently associated with oily skin and acne. Androgens affect mood and fluctuating
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Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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, 22 , 23 ), reduction in self-confidence, decreased initiative and difficulty in concentration, forgetfulness or loss of short-term memory, irritability, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, panic attack, sleep problems, muscular stiffness and cramps, tremors
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disorder 1 Blood thyroid stimulating hormone increased 1 Death 1 Gynaecomastia 1 Headache 1 Hyperglycaemia 1 Neoplasm recurrence 1 Nephrotic syndrome 1 Scoliosis 1 Sleep apnoea syndrome
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), Florence, Italy
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. Investigation of serum bisphenol A, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome . Endocrine 2014 45 311 – 318 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-0022-z ) 29 Tsiaras WG Weinstock MA . Factors influencing
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has more excess expression in the POA than kiss1 ( 36 ). The hypothalamus is considered a region of upstream regulation of the reproductive axis. The habenula, involved in behavioral responses related to pain, stress, anxiety and sleep, has the most
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.999 Sleep apnoea, n (%) 3 (3.7) – 0.246 Depression, n (%) 3 (3.7) 6 (7.5) 0.325 History of cancer, n (%) 2 (2.4) 1 (1.3) >0.999 Candidiasis, n (%) 1 (1.2) – >0.999 Testicular adrenal rest
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diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia and sleep apnea syndrome. Information about pharmacological history with antihypertensive (type, number, and doses), oral antidiabetic and lipid-lowering medications, potassium supplements and antiplatelet agents was
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) 0.42 Chronic kidney disease 11.8% ( n = 6) 9.6% ( n = 12/125) 0.67 Sleep apnea syndrome ( n = 170) 6.3% ( n = 3/48) 16.4% ( n = 20/122) 0.08 Active smoking ( n = 173) 26.5% ( n = 13/49) 14.5% ( n = 18