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Linder B Rosenfeld RG Saenger P DiMartino-Nardi J . The roles of insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding protein-1 and -3 in the hyperandrogenism of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic
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Introduction Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in addition to their recognised metabolic and endocrine effects, play a pivotal role in brain functions ( 1 , 2 ). Serum GH and IGF-1
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( 14 ). It is well known that GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) have also an impact on bone age ( 4 , 26 , 27 ). Therefore, deficiencies in GH and IGF-I lead to growth impairment and bone age delay, while overproduction or administration of GH
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metabolism. This hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and acts directly on target cells by signaling through its membrane-associated receptor. GH also promotes insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1) synthesis, principally in the liver, which then
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Polychronakos C Allen DB Cohen LE Quintos JB Rossi WC Feudtner C & Murad MH . Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary
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/mL). Impairment to growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF1): children with growth retardation or adults with obvious hypometabolic syndrome had IGF1 levels below 2 s.d. than their peers and had additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Impairment
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caused primarily by activation of ETRA located in smooth muscle of blood vessels (122) . In addition, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a polypeptide with close structural homology to insulin and well-known effects in terms of activating cell
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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of a precursor lesion or rapid growth and metastasis. Relevant molecules include cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family members. One study found that COX-2 mRNAs were abundant in CRCs and were low to undetectable in
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, cardiovascular; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GH, growth hormone; GHD, growth hormone deficiency; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; n/N , number of participants; SBP, systolic blood pressure
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treated with sunitinib 5 μM, linsitinib 5 μM and elotinib with or without growth factors (IGF1 100 nM, EGF 30 nM and VEGF 50 ng/ml) for 72 h ( 30 ). Control cells were treated with vehicle alone (DMSO). After incubation, the revealing solution was added