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Jennifer K Y Ko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Jinghua Shi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Raymond H W Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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William S B Yeung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Ernest H Y Ng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Introduction Vitamin D is a key hormone in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and hence is important for the maintenance of bone health ( 1 ). Its role in human reproduction is suggested by the expression of vitamin D receptor

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Ananda A Santana-Ribeiro Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Giulliani A Moreira-Brasileiro Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Vitor O Carvalho Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Claudia K Alvim-Pereira Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Carlos R Araújo-Daniel Department of Statistic and Actuarial Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Júlia G Reis-Costa Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Alana L Andrade-Guimarães Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Alécia A Oliveira-Santos Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Edgar R Vieira Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, Wertheims’ College of Nursing and Health Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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Miburge B Gois-Junior Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, Wertheims’ College of Nursing and Health Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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pressure data in 31 isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and 40 controls. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. IGHD Controls P value Sex (Males) 16 20 1.000 Age (years) 46 ± 12 43 ± 11 0

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Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel

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Osnat Admoni Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Ghadir Elias-Assad Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel

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Shira London Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Marie Noufi-Barhoum Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan, Safed, Israel

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Hanna Ludar Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Tal Almagor Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Yoav Zehavi Pediatric Department, B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Charles Sultan Pediatric Endocrinology and Gynecology Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve et Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Rita Bertalan Institute Pasteur, Rue Dr Roux, Paris, France

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Anu Bashamboo Institute Pasteur, Rue Dr Roux, Paris, France

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Kenneth McElreavey Institute Pasteur, Rue Dr Roux, Paris, France

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, LHR , WT1 , GPR54 and DHCR7 . The specific variant p.R80Q in the HSD17B3 gene, to which most cases of17βHSD deficiency are attributed in the Israeli-Arab population, was analyzed when clinical and hormonal findings suggested a deficiency of this

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Jeremy Turner Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK

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Neil Gittoes Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospitals Birmingham & University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Peter Selby Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

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the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee The Society for Endocrinology, 22 Apex Court, Woodlands, Bradley Stoke, Bristol, UK

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thyroidectomy. Hypocalcaemia may be temporary or permanent. Other causes include: Following selective parathyroidectomy (hypocalcaemia is usually transient and mild) Severe vitamin D deficiency Mg 2+ deficiency (consider PPI-associated hypo

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Stefan M Constantinescu Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Thierry Duprez Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Edward Fomekong Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Christian Raftopoulos Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Orsalia Alexopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Dominique Maiter Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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was present. Weakness was considered as potentially due to NFPMA in case of any pituitary hormone deficiency. Endocrinological and ophthalmological evaluation We evaluated endocrine status by serum levels of pituitary hormones with no

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Gudmundur Johannsson Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Martin Bidlingmaier Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Beverly M K Biller Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Margaret Boguszewski Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil

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Felipe F Casanueva Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Philippe Chanson Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Inserm, Paris, France

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Peter E Clayton Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Catherine S Choong Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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David Clemmons Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Mehul Dattani Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Jan Frystyk Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Ken Ho Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

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Andrew R Hoffman Department of Medicine, Stanford University and VA Palo Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA

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Reiko Horikawa National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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John J Kopchick Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Xiaoping Luo Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

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Sebastian Neggers Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pituitary Centre Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Irene Netchine Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France

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Daniel S Olsson Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sally Radovick Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Ron Rosenfeld Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Richard J Ross University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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Katharina Schilbach Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Paulo Solberg Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Christian Strasburger Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

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Peter Trainer The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Kevin C J Yuen Barrow Pituitary Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Kerstin Wickstrom Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jens O L Jorgensen Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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on behalf of the Growth Hormone Research Society
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factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency . Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2016 86 361 – 397 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000452150 ) 10

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Josef Köhrle Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany

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Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Susan A Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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reported communication on the light treatment of rickets in 1904 ( 1 ) and a suggestion that sunlight deficiency caused rickets ( 2 ), rational medical prevention and therapy were ‘enlightened’ by a series of reports published by Huldschinsky between 1919

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Sarah Bakhamis Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Faiqa Imtiaz Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Khushnooda Ramzan Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Edward De Vol Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Osamah Al-Sagheir Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Abdulrahman Al-Rajhi Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Abdullah Alashwal Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Bassam Bin Abbas Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Nadia Sakati Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Afaf Al-Sagheir Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Introduction Vitamin D deficiency and associated rickets are global issues in the younger age group. Although nutritional factors and inadequate sunlight exposure remain the most common causes of rickets worldwide, more recently, the heritable

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Mohamed Hssaini Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

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Sana Abourazzak Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Ihsane El Otmani Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco

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Mohamed Ahakoud Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Amina Ameli Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Laila Bouguenouch Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Hicham Bekkari Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

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( 7 , 8 ). This arises in 1:300 newborns when considering all genital variations, including undescended testes and hypospadias ( 9 ). Worldwide, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (21OH) deficiency is the most common cause of

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Behnaz Abiri Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Majid Valizadeh Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

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Shirin Amini Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran

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Mohammad Nikoohemmat Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Faeze Abbaspour Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Farhad Hosseinpanah Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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deficiency among healthy Saudi Arabian men: relationship to bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, and lifestyle factors . Osteoporosis International 2012 23 675 – 686 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1606-1 ) 71 Frost M

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