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Myrian Velasco Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Carlos Larqué Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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José Romo-Yáñez Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico

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Marcia Hiriart Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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central obesity (based on the waist circumference), dyslipidemia (decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or hypertriglyceridemia), hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and insulin resistance ( 5 ). MS diagnosis involves the presence

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0288
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Xiaoxia Jia Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yaxin An Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuechao Xu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuxian Yang Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Chang Liu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Dong Zhao Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Jing Ke Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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, 6 , 7 ). In fact, T2DM and osteoporosis shared many common risk factors including obesity, BMI, glucocorticoid exposure and genetic factors ( 8 ). Obesity has been considered as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. Studies of adipocyte

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0449
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access
I M A A van Roessel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J P de Graaf Dutch Pituitary Foundation, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Endo-ERN European Reference Network on Rare endocrine conditions

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N R Biermasz Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Endo-ERN European Reference Network on Rare endocrine conditions

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E Charmandari Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

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H M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Introduction The hypothalamus is a key organ centrally located in the brain, linking the endocrine and the nervous systems, thereby being responsible for the homeostasis of the body. Impaired function of the hypothalamus, described as

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0147
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 10
Open access
Shenglong Le Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

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Leiting Xu Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Moritz Schumann Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

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Na Wu Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

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Timo Törmäkangas Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

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Markku Alén Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

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Sulin Cheng Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

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Petri Wiklund Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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, 14 ). Briefly, 396 girls were recruited from local schools in the city of Jyväskylä and its surroundings in Central Finland to participate in a longitudinal study of determinants of body composition during pubertal growth (the Calex study). Girls in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0044
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Valentina Guarnotta Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Silvia Lucchese Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Donatella Mangione Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Renato Venezia Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Piero Luigi Almasio Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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, as in PCOS, PP girls were excessively insulin-resistant from mid-childhood through puberty. This was associated with central adiposity and dyslipidemia but not obesity ( 34 ). In agreement with these authors, other studies documented that PP patients

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0118
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Louise Knøsgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Aase Handberg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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altered thyroid function in obese individuals may reflect a required central resistance to thyroid hormones, which may also be reversible with weight loss ( 21 ). Our findings regarding maternal TSH, T3, and T4 in early pregnancy are consistent with

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0376
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
L M Mongioì Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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R A Condorelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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S La Vignera Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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A E Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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general population ( 3 ) and by an increased risk of comorbidity, especially cardiovascular diseases, obesity and glycometabolic alteration ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). A 2013 consensus statement recommended administering as replacement therapy a daily

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0368
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access
Maria Luisa Garo Mathsly Research, Roma, Italy

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Désirée Deandreis Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

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Alfredo Campennì Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Alexis Vrachimis Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus

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Petra Petranovic Ovcaricek Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia

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Luca Giovanella Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

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prognosis, and a 10-year survival rate of more than 90% ( 11 , 12 , 13 ). Nevertheless, the risk of recurrence ranges from 5 to 21% ( 14 , 15 ), with a prevalence of lymph node metastases of approximately 30–90%, occurring mainly in the central neck

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0457
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Line K Johnson Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Kirsten B Holven Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Njord Nordstrand Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Jan R Mellembakken Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Tom Tanbo Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Jøran Hjelmesæth Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway

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Introduction Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are often overweight and have a central fat distribution (1) . It is well known that abdominal obesity is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased risk of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Open access
Shanlee M Davis Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Rhianna Urban Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Angelo D’Alessandro Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Julie A Reisz Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Christine L Chan Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Megan Kelsey Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Susan Howell Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Nicole Tartaglia Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Philip Zeitler Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Peter Baker II Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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metabolism ( 11 , 12 , 13 ); however, profiling central energy and redox metabolites presents a unique opportunity to better understand aberrant metabolism observed in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the plasma metabolic signatures of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0523
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access