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Maria Luisa Brandi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), Florence, Italy

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Stefania Bandinelli Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy

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Teresa Iantomasi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Francesca Giusti Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Eleonora Talluri Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giovanna Sini Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Fabrizio Nannipieri Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Santina Battaglia Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Riccardo Giusti Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Colin Gerard Egan CE Medical Writing SRLS, Pisa, Italy

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Luigi Ferrucci Longitudinal Study Section, Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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.20452/pamw.4419 ) 32 Kim JK Khan A Cho S Na J Lee Y Bang G Yu WJ Jeong JS Jee SH Park YH . Effect of developmental exposure to bisphenol A on steroid hormone and vitamin D3 metabolism . Chemosphere 2019 237 124469 . ( https

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Dan Liang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Han Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Li-Yong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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to hypothalamic–pituitary-–gonad axis (HPG) axis: adolescents (males aged 14–18 years, females aged 13–18 years) had follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone levels, and sex steroid hormones below the Tanner stage 2 reference values or bone

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Amar Osmancevic School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Kristin Ottarsdottir School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margareta Hellgren School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Bledar Daka School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lopez DS Bradwin G Feinleib M Joshu CE Kanarek N Nelson WG , Association between endogenous sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in US men . Andrology 2013 1 919 – 928 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00129.x ) 24

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Gregory Knowles Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK

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Emily Warmington College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Lisa M Shepherd Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Jonathan M Hazlehurst Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Anne de Bray Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Wiebke Arlt Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK

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Alessandro Prete Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is characterised by inadequate steroid hormone secretion caused by intrinsic adrenal cortex disease ( 1 ). The most common causes of PAI are Addison’s disease (AD), usually resulting from

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Zhengrong Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Linghong Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lijun Chen Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Bo Liang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuefeng Bai Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lizhen Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Huibin Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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steroid hormone receptor activity, growth factor binding, growth factor activity, cytokine receptor activity, semaphoring receptor binding, and chemorepellent activity. The top 10 BP, CC, and MF terms are listed in Fig. 3A . Figure 3 Functional

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Yuting Shao Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Xiaole Hu Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China

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Yuxi Wang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People’s Hospital of Mengyin County, Linyi, Shandong, China

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Yi Shao Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Luchuan Li Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Qingdong Zeng Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Hong Lai Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Lei Sheng Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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the true increase of PTC incidence ( 3 ). Although the mortality rate of PTC is very low ( 4 ), its prognostic factors deserve attention because of the large population base of incidence. 25(OH)D, a kind of steroid hormone mainly produced in skin

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Andre Madsen Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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and for comparison across age. A limitation of the study is the small number of boys with KS included. The current rationale to leverage age- and sex-adjusted biomarker SDS scores was previously explored as a reference framework for steroid hormones

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Christian Trummer Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Stefan Pilz Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Verena Schwetz Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Elisabeth Lerchbaum Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum sex steroid hormones among men in NHANES . Clinical Endocrinology 2016 85 258 – 266 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13062 ) 26991691 10.1111/cen.13062 91 Blomberg Jensen M Gerner Lawaetz J

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Emma Jernberg Department of Medical biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Anders Bergh Department of Medical biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Pernilla Wikström Department of Medical biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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point mutations generally affect the c-terminal LBD, while about one-third occur in the transactivating NTD ( 29 , 30 ) resulting in broaden ligand specificity and AR activation by weak adrenal androgens and other steroid hormones, including DHEA

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Arno Téblick Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Lies Langouche Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Greet Van den Berghe Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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stimulation. In contrast to pituitary hormones, steroid hormones are not stored in the adrenal gland but directly secreted after synthesis. This at least partially explains the tight correlation between serum ACTH and serum cortisol concentrations during

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