Hyunjae Lee
Hyunjae Lee
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tae-Shin Kim
Tae-Shin Kim
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ja-Yoon Gu
Ja-Yoon Gu
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mi Ran Yu
Mi Ran Yu
Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Seung-Eun Lee
Seung-Eun Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Eun Sook Kim
Eun Sook Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Hyun Kyung Kim
Hyun Kyung Kim
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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regarding interpretation of their results have also been well recognized ( 6 ). Inflammation is a fundamental feature of cancer and a number of studies have reported on its implications in thyroid cancer ( 7 ). Neutrophils have critical functions in the
Jun-Xin Yan
Jun-Xin Yan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Bin-Jing Pan
Bin-Jing Pan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ping-Ping Zhao
Ping-Ping Zhao
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Li-Ting Wang
Li-Ting Wang
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jing-Fang Liu
Jing-Fang Liu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Song-Bo Fu
Song-Bo Fu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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NAFLD ( 8 ). The typical insulin resistance and obesity-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with T2DM lead to the stress state and dysfunction of liver mitochondria, which furthers the development of NAFLD ( 9 ). In addition, liver
Nancy Martini
Nancy Martini
Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Lucas Streckwall
Lucas Streckwall
Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Antonio Desmond McCarthy
Antonio Desmond McCarthy
Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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not only is associated with low-grade inflammation and risk of atheroma but can also contribute to low bone mass through induction of secondary hyperparathyroidism; hypervitaminosis D is associated with an increase in AC ( 1 , 11 ), whereas vitamin D
Bo Zhu
Bo Zhu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yumei Chen
Yumei Chen
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fang Xu
Fang Xu
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xiaolu Shen
Xiaolu Shen
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xuanyu Chen
Xuanyu Chen
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jieqiang Lv
Jieqiang Lv
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Songying Zhang
Songying Zhang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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unfolded or misfolded proteins caused by numerous pathological and physiological conditions, such as inflammation and oxidative stress ( 16 ). ER stress activates various signal transduction cascades generally termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR
Zeeshan Javed
Zeeshan Javed
Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan
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Maria Papageorgiou
Maria Papageorgiou
Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Leigh A Madden
Leigh A Madden
School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Alan S Rigby
Alan S Rigby
Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Eric S Kilpatrick
Eric S Kilpatrick
Department of Pathology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Stephen L Atkin
Stephen L Atkin
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Al Sayh, Bahrain
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Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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, PCOS is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and chronic systemic inflammation, all of which put women with PCOS at risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease ( 1 , 2 ). Indeed, there is evidence that women with PCOS are at risk of
Hui-qing Yuan
Hui-qing Yuan
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Jia-xi Miao
Jia-xi Miao
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Jia-ping Xu
Jia-ping Xu
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Su-xiang Zhu
Su-xiang Zhu
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Feng Xu
Feng Xu
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Xiao-hua Wang
Xiao-hua Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Chun-hua Wang
Chun-hua Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Chao Yu
Chao Yu
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Xue-qin Wang
Xue-qin Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Jian-bin Su
Jian-bin Su
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Dong-mei Zhang
Dong-mei Zhang
Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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apoptosis), autophagy, bone remodeling, atherosclerosis, tumor metastasis, as well as roles in inflammation and cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( 10 , 11 ). Actually, CysC is a disease-associated protein, and alteration in CysC levels may suggest important
Mírian Romitti
Mírian Romitti
Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Vitor C Fabris
Vitor C Fabris
Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Patricia K Ziegelmann
Patricia K Ziegelmann
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ana Luiza Maia
Ana Luiza Maia
Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Poli Mara Spritzer
Poli Mara Spritzer
Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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individual susceptibility to PCOS include hyperinsulinemia, disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, dysregulation of ovarian steroidogenesis, low-grade chronic inflammation ( 6 ) and genetic and environmental factors ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). PCOS has
Malin Nylander
Malin Nylander
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Signe Frøssing
Signe Frøssing
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Caroline Kistorp
Caroline Kistorp
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Jens Faber
Jens Faber
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Sven O Skouby
Sven O Skouby
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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and dyslipidemia, as well as insulin resistance ( 3 ). The abdominal obesity is characterized by a state of low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines promoting an inflammatory state, contributing to
Ya-Fen Hu
Ya-Fen Hu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China
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Lin Hua
Lin Hua
Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xiu Tuo
Xiu Tuo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ting-Ting Shi
Ting-Ting Shi
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yi-Lin Yang
Yi-Lin Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yun-Fu Liu
Yun-Fu Liu
Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhong-Yu Yan
Zhong-Yu Yan
Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhong Xin
Zhong Xin
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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inflammation of the orbital tissues, which is known as GO ( 1 ). It occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or normal thyroid function. However, the pathogenesis underlying the disease has not yet been clarified. Several factors, including
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Agnieszka Nikołajuk
Agnieszka Nikołajuk
Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Magdalena Stefanowicz
Magdalena Stefanowicz
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Natalia Matulewicz
Natalia Matulewicz
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Irina Kowalska
Irina Kowalska
Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Marek Strączkowski
Marek Strączkowski
Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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had no clinical and laboratory signs of inflammation and had not taken anti-inflammatory drugs within the last 3 months. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and all subjects had normal glucose tolerance according to World Health
