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Xiaojie Wang Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Zhiyuan Chen Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Ziyi Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Bo Chen Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Qi Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Guowei Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Jonathan D Adachi Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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(e.g. fractures, severe soft tissue injuries, hospitalization, and even death) with different severity ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). The risk of fall increases with aging and those middle-aged and the older are at the highest risk of fall ( 5 ). It was estimated

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Marlena Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Emanuel Christ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Christian Andreas Nebiker Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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): Age <50 years, serum calcium >0.25 mmol/L above the upper limit of normal, decreased bone mineral density in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (T-score <−2.5 at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, or distal 1/3 radius), vertebral fractures on imaging

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Sharon A Huish University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK

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Carl Jenkinson The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Janet A Dunn The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

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David J Meredith Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK

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Rosemary Bland The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

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Martin Hewison The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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CKD and bone disorders ( 35 , 36 , 37 ). Evidence suggests the value of using 25(OH)D:24,25(OH) 2 D in assessment and management of both fracture risk and CKD risk ( 38 , 39 ). Serum 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 is not routinely measured clinically ( 40 , 41

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Rui-yi Tang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Rong Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Miao Ma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Shou-qing Lin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yi-wen Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-ping Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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experienced BMD improvement after receiving hormone treatment. The hypoestrogenic state of these patients negatively affects the peak BMD, which leads to osteoporosis and a risk of fracture ( 16 ). An early start and adequate duration of hormonal therapy may

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Johanna Öberg Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Rolf Jorde Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Yngve Figenschau Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Sandra Rinne Dahl Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Anne Winther Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Guri Grimnes Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.2.500S ) 15 Ginsberg C Katz R de Boer IH Kestenbaum BR Chonchol M Shlipak MG Sarnak MJ Hoofnagle AN Rifkin DE Garimella PS The 24,25 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D ratio and fracture risk in older adults: the

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M Cherenko Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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N M Appelman-Dijkstra Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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A L Priego Zurita Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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N R Biermasz Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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O M Dekkers Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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F A Klok Department of Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands

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N Reisch Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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A Aulinas Department of Endocrinology, Fundacio de Gestio Sanitaria Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR-SantPau and CIBERER Unit 747 (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain

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B Biagetti Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

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S Cannavo Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

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L Canu University Hospital Florence Careggi, Florence, Italy

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M Detomas Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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F Devuyst Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium

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H Falhammar Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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R A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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F Ferrau Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

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F Gatto IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Genoa, Italy

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C Grasselli Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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P van Houten Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

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C Hoybye Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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A M Isidori Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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A Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium

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P Loli Division of Endocrinology, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Milan, Italy

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D Maiter Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium

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E Nowak Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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R Pivonello Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Naples, Italy

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O Ragnarsson Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine (O.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden

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R V Steenaard Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima MC, Veldhoven, Netherlands

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N Unger University Hospital Essen, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Essen, Germany

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A van de Ven Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

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S M Webb Department of Endocrinology, Fundacio de Gestio Sanitaria Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR-SantPau and CIBERER Unit 747 (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain

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D Yeste Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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S F Ahmed Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
University of Glasgow, Office for Rare Conditions, Glasgow, UK
University of Glasgow, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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A M Pereira Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands

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Sex F F F M M F Age 48 55 33 54 35 39 Risk factors Overweight Hypertension Osteoporosis with fractures Obesity Hypertension Previous VTE Obesity Hypertension Repeated pituitary surgery Obesity Hypertension

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Niek F Dirks Atalmedial Diagnostics Centre, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Noordwest Ziekenhuis, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

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Etienne Cavalier Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium

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Annemieke C Heijboer Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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generated if sufficient 25(OH)D is available. Measurement is recommended in individuals at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and included obese individuals, pregnant and lactating women, older adults with a history of falls or fractures, individuals

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Mengting Yin Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Qianhui Liu Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Qingzhong Wang Jintang First People’s Hospital, West China Hospital Sichuan University Jingtang Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Yong He Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Haolan Song Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Xin Nie Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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Guixing Li Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

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hormone required for the maintenance of the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate, can lead to skeletal, renal, and cardiovascular complications, including hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, osteoporosis, fragility fractures, bone pain, nephrolithiasis

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H A Booij Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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W D C Gaykema Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands

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K A J Kuijpers Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands

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M J M Pouwels Department of Endocrinology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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H M den Hertog Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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this finding. In a systematic review of 27 studies, increased age, TBI severity and skull fractures predicted anterior pituitary disorders in post-TBI patients ( 29 ). However, the authors only found a limited number of studies with a low risk of bias

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Agnieszka Pazderska Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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Yaasir Mamoojee Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Satish Artham Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Margaret Miller Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Stephen G Ball Department of Endocrinology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Tim Cheetham Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Richard Quinton Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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course, revisit this strategy in the event of intercurrent spinal fracture for which parenteral antiresorptives may also be beneficial for pain control and bone remodelling, but have not yet faced this scenario in this group of patients. Despite

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