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Sara Storvall Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Helena Leijon Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Eeva Ryhänen Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Louhimo Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Caj Haglund Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Arola Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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; about ~1% of PHPT). Symptoms of PC are related to the high serum calcium caused by the increased parathormone production and are the same but often more severe than those accompanying benign forms of PHPT. Furthermore, PC is very rare and difficult to

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Kristin Godang Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

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Karolina Lundstam Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Charlotte Mollerup Clinic of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Center HOC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Stine Lyngvi Fougner Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

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Ylva Pernow Departments of Molecular Medicine, Surgery and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Jörgen Nordenström Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Thord Rosén Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Svante Jansson Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Mikael Hellström Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jens Bollerslev Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Ansgar Heck Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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the SIPH Study Group
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease ( 1 ) and is characterized by hyperactivity in one or several parathyroid glands, raised levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and altered calcium homeostasis with

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S R Ali Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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J Bryce Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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A L Priego-Zurita Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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M Cherenko Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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C Smythe Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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T M de Rooij Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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M Cools Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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T Danne Diabetes Center AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany

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H Katugampola UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London

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O M Dekkers Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands

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O Hiort Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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A Linglart AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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I Netchine Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de recherche Sainte Antoine, APHP, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France

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A Nordenstrom Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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P Attila Clinical Genetics and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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L Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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N Reisch Endokrinologie, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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A Smyth Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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Z Sumnik Department of Pediatrics, Motol University Hospital and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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D Taruscio National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

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W E Visser Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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A M Pereira Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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N M Appelman-Dijkstra Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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S F Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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.1, 2) 3.6  Calcium and phosphate 18 30 (31%) 67 (69%) 97 19 (5, 27) 0.2 (0, 1.6) 2.4  Glucose and insulin 17 24 (15%) 141 (85%) 165 21 (1, 27) 0.1 (0, 3.1) 1.2  Genetic endocrine tumours 13 6 (9%) 60

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Shenghe Luo College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Yunhui Zuo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Xiaotian Cui Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Meiping Zhang Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Honghua Jin Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Lan Hong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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-39 + liraglutide ex vivo (mean ± s.e ., n  = 6). Effects of liraglutide on expression of piezo 1 and cathepsin K Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel protein in humans ( 18 ). Calcium regulation of atrial myocytes plays an important role

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Iulia Soare University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Anca Sirbu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic diseases, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihai Mircea Diculescu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Radu Mateescu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Gastroenterology, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Cristian Tieranu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Gastroenterology, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Sorina Martin University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic diseases, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Carmen Gabriela Barbu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic diseases, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Mirela Ionescu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Gastroenterology, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Simona Fica University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic diseases, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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other parameters may cause bone impairment. If vitamin D and calcium are traditional factors associated with decreased BMD, low magnesium is a very common situation in IBD patients, especially in CD patients, with an intake of 60–63% of the daily

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Cheng Han Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Yip Han Chin Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Marcus Hon Qin Tan Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Jun Xuan Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Samantha Peiling Yang Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Jolene Jiayu Kiew Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Chin Meng Khoo Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that is caused by excessive or inappropriate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion with simultaneous derangement of both phosphate and calcium metabolism. PHPT is

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Marília D’Elboux Guimarães Brescia Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25), Endocrinology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Parathyroid Unit – LIM-28, Laboratório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Karine Candido Rodrigues Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25), Endocrinology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Endocrine Oncology Division, Institute of Cancer of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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André Fernandes d’Alessandro Parathyroid Unit – LIM-28, Laboratório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Wellington Alves Filho Department of Surgery, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceara School of Medicine (FAMED-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil

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Willemijn Y van der Plas Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Schelto Kruijff Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Sergio Samir Arap Parathyroid Unit – LIM-28, Laboratório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Sergio Pereira de Almeida Toledo Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25), Endocrinology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Fábio Luiz de Menezes Montenegro Parathyroid Unit – LIM-28, Laboratório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Delmar Muniz Lourenço Jr Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25), Endocrinology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Endocrine Oncology Division, Institute of Cancer of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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germline MEN1 mutations were included in the final analysis. HPT was defined as hypercalcemia associated with high levels of PTH or normal/high calcium values and high or inappropriately normal values of PTH. Persistent disease was considered when

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Jiaxin Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Jinlan Jiang Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yao Qin School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yihui Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yungang Wu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Huadong Xu School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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the questionnaires and health examination in the mobile centers, including age, race, education levels, annual family income, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, serum cotinine, marital status, calcium intake, smoking status, drinking status, and

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Barbara J Boucher Blizard Institute, Barts & The London school of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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calcitriol induces its effects on the tissues. In brief, the first mechanism follows non-genomic binding of calcitriol to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in cell wall caveolae causing rapid rises in intracellular calcium concentrations which, in turn, activate

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Ruth Percik Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel

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Sherwin Criseno Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Safwaan Adam Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Kate Young Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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Daniel L Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been described in several case reports ( 52 , 53 ). ICPI-induced hypoparathyroidism differs mechanistically from the other endocrine irAEs. Activating autoantibodies against the calcium-sensing receptor disrupt the glands

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