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Giovanni Tulipano Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

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transcription regulators. Glucocorticoids modulate GH secretion by acting at the hypothalamic and pituitary level and can also influence downstream effectors like insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). For a long time, a model of biphasic dose-dependent effects

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Kylie D Rock Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Brian Horman Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Allison L Phillips Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Susan L McRitchie NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Scott Watson NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Jocelin Deese-Spruill NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Dereje Jima Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Susan Sumner NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Heather M Stapleton Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Heather B Patisaul Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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) signaling ( Abcc2 ). A set of pre-identified genes of interest were also selected based on previous studies highlighting metabolic ( Lepr , Igf1 and Pparg ), thyroid ( Ttr ) and sex steroid signaling ( Esr1 and Ar ) pathways as potential targets of FM

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Brenda Anguiano Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carlos Montes de Oca Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Evangelina Delgado-González Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carmen Aceves Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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-adrenergic receptor levels. (70) 0.1 LNCaP Biphasic response. Increases the specific binding to GH and GH receptor expression within the first 24 h and reduces the binding at 72 h. (63) 0.1 LNCaP Increases gene expression of IGF-1, IGF

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Shruti Khare Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Anurag R Lila Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Hiren Patt Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Chaitanya Yerawar Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Manjunath Goroshi Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Tushar Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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Nalini S Shah Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India

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evaluated for evidence of GH excess and whenever it was suspected, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels were done. Patients with raised IGF1 (thus with GH and prolactin co-secretion) were not included in the study. All hormonal measurements were

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Xi Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

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Qi Yu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

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(pg/mL) (pre) E 2 (pg/mL) (on) AP (U/L) (pre) AP (U/L) (on) LH (IU/L) (pre) LH (IU/L) (on) FSH (IU/L) (pre) FSH (IU/L) (on) T (ng/mL) (pre) T (nmol/L) (on) IGF-1 (ng/mL) (pre) IGF-1 (ng/mL) (on) PRL (ng/mL) (pre) PRL (ng

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Morten Winkler Møller Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Marianne Skovsager Andersen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Christian Bonde Pedersen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Bjarne Winther Kristensen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Frantz Rom Poulsen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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were discussed with senior neurosurgeons. Pituitary function Pituitary hormone evaluation was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively based on clinical biochemical data including the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (s-GH and s-IGF-1

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Vanderlan O Batista Division of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Michael Kellner Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Walter Lisboa Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil

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André Faro Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil

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Lucas B Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Enaldo V Melo Statistics division, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Alécia A Oliveira-Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Carla R P Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Viviane C Campos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Cynthia S Barros-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Elenilde G Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Nathalie O Santana Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Keila R Villar-Gouy Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Ângela C Leal Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Rivia S Amorim Division of Geriatrics, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Davi A Oliveira Simões Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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function, like immune and visual function, seems to depend more on extrapituitary circuits, namely insulin ( 4 , 5 ), IGF2 ( 6 ), brain GH ( 7 ), and brain IGF1 and IGF2 ( 8 , 9 ) than on the classical somatotropic axis (pituitary GH and circulating IGF1

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I M A A van Roessel Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J E Gorter Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B Bakker Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M H Lequin Department of Radiology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J van der Lugt Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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L Meijer Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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H M van Santen Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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thirst feeling 8.3% (3/36) 1.6% (1/63) 0.135  No pituitary deficiency 63.9% (23/36) 77.8% (49/63) 0.136  CPP 38.5% (10/26) 43.8% (21/48) 0.660  Elevated IGF-1 42.4% (14/33) 25.4% (15/59) 0.092 Overweight at

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Ling Hu Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Ting Li Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Xiao-Ling Yin Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Yi Zou Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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PC Koujak S Brown E Eyzaguirre A Tao N Rosenfeld-Franklin M Lerner L Chiu MI Wild R, et al . Compensatory insulin receptor (IR) activation on inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R): rationale

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Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Juan Pablo Kaski Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK

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Jovanna Dahlgren Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alberto Pietropoli Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Tilman R Rohrer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany

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Michel Polak Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

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.31) 13 −2.57 (1.54) Bone age/chronological age 163 0.83 (0.19) 8 0.87 (0.10) IGF1 SDS (22) 162 −1.13 (1.62) 7 −1.22 (1.98) GH dose at baseline (mg/kg/day) 404 0.044 (0.014) 21 0.040 (0.019) GH-naïve at

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