Search Results
Search for other papers by Lijin Ji in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Na Yi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qi Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shuo Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiaoxia Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hongli Shi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bin Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Objective
To assess the current management of prolactinoma among endocrinologists in China.
Methods
An online survey of a large sample of endocrinologists was conducted in China. The questionnaire included 21 questions related to controversial issues about the management of prolactinomas. Doctors in the endocrinology department of a university-affiliated hospital or a comprehensive secondary hospital in 12 cities from East, West, South, North and Middle China were surveyed.
Results
A total of 290 valid questionnaires were collected, and the response rate was 40%. When hyperprolactinemia occurred, 97% of the respondents would test thyroid-stimulating hormone routinely. 22% of the respondents considered that prolactin levels <100 ng/mL exclude the presence of a prolactinoma. Only 9% of the respondents believed that prolactin >250 ng/mL could occur in all the following situations as macroprolactinoma, mircoprolactinoma, macroprolactinemia and drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. Surgery was not recommended by 272 (94%) endocrinologists as the first choice for treating microprolactinomas. 58% and 92% of endocrinologists would start drug treatment for microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas at diagnosis. 70% and 40% chose to withdraw treatment after 2–3 years of prolactin normalization in microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas. In case of pregnancy, 57% of the respondents considered bromocriptine as choice for women patients. Drug discontinuation after pregnancy was advocated in 63% and 27% for microprolactinoma and macroprolactinoma. Moreover, 44% of endocrinologists believed that breastfeeding was allowable in both micro- and macroprolactinoma.
Conclusion
This is the first study to investigate the management of prolactinomas among endocrinologists in China. We found that the current clinical treatment was not uniform. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of endocrinologists to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment practices.
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Search for other papers by Chenmin Wei in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zichen Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qi Fu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yunqiang He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tao Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Min Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Objective
Lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cell-dysfunction results in decreased insulin secretion in response to multiple stimulus. In this study, we investigated the reversible effects of palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA) on insulin secretion and the relationship with pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels.
Methods
MIN6 cells were treated with PA and OA for 48 h and then washed out for 24 h to determine the changes in expression and endocytosis of the KATP channels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion (SU-SIS).
Results
MIN6 cells exposed to PA or OA showed both impaired GSIS and SU-SIS; the former was not restorable, while the latter was reversible with washout of PA or OA. Decreased expressions of both total and surface Kir6.2 and SUR1 and endocytosis of KATP channels were observed, which were also recoverable after washout. When MIN6 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) were cotreated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or dynasore, we found that endocytosis of KATP channels did not change significantly by AICAR but was almost completely blocked by dynasore. Meanwhile, the inhibition of endocytosis of KATP channels after washout could be activated by PIP2. The recovery of SU-SIS after washout was significantly weakened by PIP2, but the decrease of SU-SIS induced by FFAs was not alleviated by dynasore.
Conclusions
FFAs can cause reversible impairment of SU-SIS on pancreatic β cells. The reversibility of the effects is partial because of the changes of expression and endocytosis of Kir6.2 and SUR1 which was mediated by dynamin.
Search for other papers by Peng Fan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Chao-Xia Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Di Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kun-Qi Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pei-Pei Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ying Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xu Meng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Su-Fang Hao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fang Luo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ya-Xin Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hui-Min Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lei Song in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jun Cai in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xue Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xian-Liang Zhou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Liddle syndrome (LS), a monogenetic autosomal dominant disorder, is mainly characterized by early-onset hypertension and hypokalemia. Clinically, misdiagnosis or missing diagnosis is common, since clinical phenotypes of LS are variable and nonspecific. We report a family with misdiagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA), but identify as LS with a pathogenic frameshift mutation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) β subunit. DNA samples were collected from a 32-year-old proband and 31 other relatives in the same family. A designed panel including 41 genes associated with monogenic hypertension was screened using next-generation sequencing. The best candidate disease-causing variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Genetic analysis of the proband revealed a novel frameshift mutation c.1838delC (p.Pro613Glnfs*675) in exon 13 of SCNN1B. This heterozygous mutation involved the deletion of a cytosine from a string of three consecutive cytosines located at codons 612 to 613 and resulted in deletion of the crucial PY motif and elongation of the β-ENaC protein. The identical mutation was also found in 12 affected family members. Amiloride was effective in alleviating LS for patients. There were no SCNN1A or SCNN1G mutations in this family. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering LS in the differential diagnosis of early-onset hypertension. The identification of a novel frameshift mutation of SCNN1B enriches the genetic spectrum of LS and has allowed treatment of this affected family to prevent severe complications.
Search for other papers by Xiaobing Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jiang Yue in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qianjing Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shengyun He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ying Dong in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ming Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yicheng Qi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Minglan Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wang Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hua Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qing Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jing Ma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background
The aim of this study was to address the intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulation in the lower extremities and further detect the relationship between adipose tissue (AT) distribution in the muscle and glucose metabolism in subjects with obesity.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 120 Chinese obese adults (80 male and 40 female) with BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2. MRI was applied to access the IMAT content in lower extremities. The oral glucose tolerance test was used to evaluate the glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in all individuals. The correlations between glucose metabolism and the fat content of the lower extremities were further assessed.
Results
Among 120 included subjects, 54 were classified as subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 66 with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). We presented that those with IGR had higher fat accumulation in semitendinosus, adductor magnus, gracilis and sartorius than those with NGT (all P < 0.05). In sex-specific analyses, females have higher IMAT in adductor magnus than males (P < 0.001). Males with IGR had higher fat fraction of semitendinosus and sartorius than those with NGT (P = 0.020, P = 0.014, respectively). Logistic regression analyses revealed that IMAT content in semitendinosus was the independent factor of IGR in individuals with obesity after adjustment for age, gender, triglycerides, creatinine and albumin (odds ratio: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26, P = 0.024).
Conclusions
Increased adipose tissue accumulation in thigh muscles was associated with glucose dysregulation in patients with obesity. IMAT content in semitendinosus may serve as a possible risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism.
Search for other papers by Xu-Ting Song in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jia-Nan Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Duo-Wei Zhao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yu-Fei Zhai in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qi Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mei-Yu Qi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ming-Hai Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shou-Long Deng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hong-Bing Han in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiu-Qin Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yu-Chang Yao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), also known as somatomedin C, is essential for the regulation of animal growth and development. In many species, the IGF1 gene can be alternatively spliced into multiple transcripts, encoding different pre-pro-IGF1 proteins. However, the exact alternative splicing patterns of IGF1 and the sequence information of different splice variants in sheep are still unclear. In this study, four splice variants (class 1-Ea, class 1-Eb, class 2-Ea, and class 2-Eb) were obtained, but no IGF1 Ec, similar to that found in other species, was discovered. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the four splice variants shared the same mature peptide (70 amino acids) and possessed distinct signal peptides and E peptides. Tissue expression analysis indicated that the four splice variants were broadly expressed in all tested tissues and were most abundantly expressed in the liver. In most tissues and stages, the expression of class 1-Ea was highest, and the expression of other splice variants was low. Overall, levels of the four IGF1 splice variants at the fetal and lamb stages were higher than those at the adult stage. Overexpression of the four splice variants significantly increased fibroblast proliferation and inhibited apoptosis (P < 0.05). In contrast, silencing IGF1 Ea or IGF1 Eb with siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05). Among the four splice variants, class 1-Ea had a more evident effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In summary, the four ovine IGF1 splice variants have different structures and expression patterns and might have different biological functions.
Search for other papers by Xiao-Ping Qi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jian-Zhong Peng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiao-Wei Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zhi-Lie Cao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiu-Hua Yu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xu-Dong Fang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Da-Hong Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jian-Qiang Zhao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background
Cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA) has been reported in some multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) families affected by specific germline RET mutations C634F/G/R/W/Y or V804M, as a characteristic of the clinical manifestation in ‘MEN 2A with CLA’, one of four variants of MEN 2A, which was strictly located in the scapular region of the upper back.
Patient Findings
This study reports a large south-eastern Chinese pedigree with 17 individuals carrying the MEN 2A-harboring germline C611Y (c.1832G>A) RET mutation by Sanger sequencing. One individual presented MEN 2A-related clinical features, including typical CLA in the interscapular region; another individual exhibited neurological pruritus and scratching in the upper back but lacked CLA skin lesions. Both subjects presented with CLA or pruritic symptoms several years before the onset of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and/or pheochromocytoma. The remaining 15 RET mutation carriers did not exhibit CLA; of these, one presented with MTC and pheochromocytoma, nine with MTC only, two with elevated serum calcitonin and three younger subjects with normal serum calcitonin levels. This family’s clinical data revealed a later diagnosis of MTC (mean age, 45.9 (range: 23–73) years), a lower penetrance of pheochromocytoma (2/17, 11.8%) and CLA (1/17, 5.9%). However, no hyperparathyroidism and Hirschsprung disease were reported in this family.
Summary and Conclusions
This is the first description of a family with MEN 2A-related CLA due to a germline RET C611Y mutation, which might exhibit a novel and diversified genotype–phenotype spectrum in MEN 2A.
Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Search for other papers by Tao Mei in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jianhe Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Liangfeng Wei in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xingfeng Qi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yiming Ma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xianhua Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shaohua Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Songyuan Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jianwu Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shousen Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tumor cells require large amounts of energy to sustain growth. Through the mediated transport of glucose transporters, the uptake and utilization of glucose by tumor cells are significantly enhanced in the hypoxic microenvironment. Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors with high-energy metabolisms. We aimed to investigate the role of expression of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in pituitary adenomas, including effects on size, cystic change and hormone type. Pituitary adenomas from 203 patients were collected from January 2013 to April 2017, and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of GLUT3 and GLUT1 in tumor specimens. GLUT3-positive expression in the cystic change group was higher than that in the non-cystic change group (P = 0.018). Proportions of GLUT3-positive staining of microadenomas, macroadenomas, and giant adenomas were 22.7 (5/22), 50.4 (66/131) and 54.0% (27/50), respectively (P = 0.022). In cases of prolactin adenoma, GLUT3-positive staining was predominant in cell membranes (P = 0.000006), while in cases of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteotropic hormone adenoma, we found mainly paranuclear dot-like GLUT3 staining (P = 0.025). In other hormonal adenomas, GLUT3 was only partially expressed, and the intensity of cell membrane or paranuclear punctate staining was weak. In contrast to GLUT3, GLUT1 expression was not associated with pituitary adenomas. Thus, our results indicate that the expression of GLUT3 in pituitary adenomas is closely related to cystic change and hormonal type. This study is the first to report a unique paranuclear dot-like GLUT3 staining pattern in pituitary adenomas.
Search for other papers by Yang Lv in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ning Pu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wei-lin Mao in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wen-qi Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Huan-yu Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xu Han in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yuan Ji in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lei Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Da-yong Jin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wen-Hui Lou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xue-feng Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Aim
We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of the rectal NECs and the prognosis-related factors and construct a nomogram for prognosis prediction.
Methods
The data of 41 patients and 1028 patients with rectal NEC were retrieved respectively from our institution and SEER database. OS or PFS was defined as the major study outcome. Variables were compared by chi-square test and t-test when appropriate. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test was used for survival analysis and the Cox regression analysis was applied. The nomogram integrating risk factors for predicting OS was constructed by R to achieve superior discriminatory ability. Predictive utility of the nomogram was determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve.
Results
In the univariate and multivariate analyses, tumor differentiation, N stage, M stage and resection of primary site were identified as independent prognostic indicators. The linear regression relationship was found between the value of Ki-67 index and the duration of OS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the independent prognostic factors were added to formulate prognostic nomogram. The constructed nomogram showed good performance according to the C-index.
Conclusions
Contrary to WHO classification guideline, we found that the rectal NEC diseases are heterogeneous and should be divided as different categories according to the pathological differentiation. Besides, the nomogram formulated in this study showed excellent discriminative capability to predict OS for those patients. More advanced predictive model for this disease is required to assist risk stratification via the formulated nomogram.
Search for other papers by Qi Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hongshan Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yanhong Xie in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Suming Huang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ke Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Botian Ye in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yupeng Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jie Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hongyong He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fenglin Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zhenbin Shen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Weidong Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kuntang Shen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yuan Ji in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yihong Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
A new subcategory, grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, is incorporated into the grading system of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in the 2017 WHO classification in order to differentiate grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors from neuroendocrine carcinomas. The 2019 WHO classification extends the concept of grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors to gastrointestinal high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, there is still limited study focusing on the gastric grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors and gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas. We retrospectively enrolled 151 gastric high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms patients, who underwent radical resection from January 2007 to December 2015. Clinicopathologic and prognostic features were studied. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to verify the prognostic determinants found in the Zhongshan cohort. Neuroendocrine carcinomas showed a higher Ki67 index and higher mitotic count than grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors. We identified 109 (72.2%) patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas, 12 (7.9%) patients with grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, and 30 (19.9%) patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. Although neuroendocrine carcinomas demonstrated higher Ki67 index (P = 0.004) and mitoses (P = 0.001) than grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, their prognosis after radical resection did not demonstrate significant differences (P = 0.709). Tumor size, perineural invasion, and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors of gastric high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.
