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Ramjan Sanas Mohamed Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Biyaser Abuelgasim Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sally Barker Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Hemanth Prabhudev Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Niamh M Martin Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Emma L Williams Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sarah Darch Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Whitlock Matthew Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Tricia Tan Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Florian Wernig Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) poses considerable diagnostic challenges. Although late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is recommended as a first-line screening investigation, it remains the least widely used test in many countries. The combined measurement of LNSC and late-night salivary cortisone (LNS cortisone) has shown to further improve diagnostic accuracy. We present a retrospective study in a tertiary referral centre comparing LNSC, LNS cortisone, overnight dexamethasone suppression test, low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and 24-h urinary free cortisol results of patients investigated for CS. Patients were categorised into those who had CS (21 patients) and those who did not (33 patients). LNSC had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 91%. LNS cortisone had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 86%. With an optimal cut-off for LNS cortisone of >14.5 nmol/L the sensitivity was 95.2%, and the specificity was 100% with an area under the curve of 0.997, for diagnosing CS. Saliva collection is non-invasive and can be carried out at home. We therefore advocate simultaneous measurement of LNSC and LNS cortisone as the first-line screening test to evaluate patients with suspected CS.

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