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Laurent Maïmoun Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France

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Denis Mariano-Goulart Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France

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Helena Huguet Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Eric Renard Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Patrick Lefebvre Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Marie-Christine Picot Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

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Anne-Marie Dupuy Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Jean-Paul Cristol PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Philippe Courtet Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Vincent Boudousq Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Antoine Avignon Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Sébastien Guillaume Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Ariane Sultan PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Objectives

The two-fold aim of this study was: (i) to determine the effects of undernutrition on the myokines in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) and (ii) to examine the potential link between myokines and bone parameters.

Methods

In this study, 42 young women with restrictive AN and 42 age-matched controls (CON) (mean age, 18.5 ± 4.2 years and 18.6 ± 4.2 years, respectively) were enrolled. aBMD and body composition were determined with DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REEm), a marker of energy status, was indirectly assessed by calorimetry. Bone turnover markers and myokines (follistatin, myostatin and irisin) were concomitantly evaluated.

Results

AN patients presented low aBMD at all bone sites. REEm, bone formation markers, myostatin and IGF-1 were significantly lower, whereas the bone resorption marker and follistatin were higher in AN compared with controls. No difference was observed between groups for irisin levels. When the whole population was studied, among myokines, only myostatin was positively correlated with aBMD at all bone sites. However, multiple regression analyses showed that in the AN group, the independent variables for aBMD were principally amenorrhoea duration, lean tissue mass (LTM) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP). For CON, the independent variables for aBMD were principally LTM, age and PINP. Whatever the group analysed, none of the myokines appeared as explicative independent variables of aBMD.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that despite the altered myokine levels in patients with AN, their direct effect on aBMD loss and bone turnover alteration seems limited in comparison with other well-known disease-related factors such as oestrogen deprivation.

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Marta Araujo-Castro Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain

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Miguel Paja Fano Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Hospital Universitario de Basurton & Basque Country University, Medicine Department, Bilbao, Spain

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Begoña Pla Peris Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain

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Marga González Boillos Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain

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Eider Pascual-Corrales Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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Ana María García-Cano Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

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Paola Parra Ramírez Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain

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Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain

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Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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Almudena Vicente Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain

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Emilia Gómez-Hoyos Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

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Rui Ferreira Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain

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Iñigo García Sanz Department of General & Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain

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Mónica Recasens Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain

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Rebeca Barahona San Millan Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain

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María José Picón César Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, IBIMA Malaga, Spain CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain

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Patricia Díaz Guardiola Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain

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Carolina Perdomo Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

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Laura Manjón Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias & Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain

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Rogelio García-Centeno Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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Juan Carlos Percovich Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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Ángel Rebollo Román Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain

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Paola Gracia Gimeno Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Rollo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain

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Cristina Robles Lázaro Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Complejo Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

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Manuel Morales Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department-CDB, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain

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María Calatayud Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

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Simone Andree Furio Collao Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

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Diego Meneses Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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Miguel Antonio Sampedro Nuñez Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain

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Verónica Escudero Quesada Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peser, Valencia, Spain

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Elena Mena Ribas Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain

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Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain

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Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain

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Cristina Lamas Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain

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Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain

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María del Castillo Tous Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain

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Joaquín Serrano Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

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Theodora Michalopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain

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Eva María Moya Mateo Internal Medicine, Hospital Infanta Leonor de Vallecas, Madrid, Spain

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Felicia Hanzu Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, IDIPAS, Barcelona, Spain

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Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and its implications on cardiometabolic and surgical outcomes.

Methods

This is a retrospective multicenter study of PA patients who underwent 1 mg dexamethasone-suppression test (DST) during diagnostic workup in 21 Spanish tertiary hospitals. ACS was defined as a cortisol post-DST >1.8 µg/dL (confirmed ACS if >5 µg/dL and possible ACS if 1.8–5 µg/dL) in the absence of specific clinical features of hypercortisolism. The cardiometabolic profile was compared with a control group with ACS without PA (ACS group) matched for age and DST levels.

Results

The prevalence of ACS in the global cohort of patients with PA (n = 176) was 29% (ACS–PA; n = 51). Ten patients had confirmed ACS and 41 possible ACS. The cardiometabolic profile of ACS–PA and PA-only patients was similar, except for older age and larger tumor size of the adrenal lesion in the ACS–PA group. When comparing the ACS–PA group (n = 51) and the ACS group (n = 78), the prevalence of hypertension (OR 7.7 (2.64–22.32)) and cardiovascular events (OR 5.0 (2.29–11.07)) was higher in ACS–PA patients than in ACS patients. The coexistence of ACS in patients with PA did not affect the surgical outcomes, the proportion of biochemical cure and clinical cure being similar between ACS–PA and PA-only groups.

Conclusion

Co-secretion of cortisol and aldosterone affects almost one-third of patients with PA. Its occurrence is more frequent in patients with larger tumors and advanced age. However, the cardiometabolic and surgical outcomes of patients with ACS–PA and PA-only are similar.

Open access
Hanneke J C M Wouters Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Anneke C Muller Kobold Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Thera P Links Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Gerwin Huls Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Melanie M van der Klauw Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Hypothyroidism is associated with a decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We hypothesized that individuals with hypothyroidism (defined as use of thyroid hormone (TH)) and especially those having an impaired HRQoL are characterized by a high prevalence of comorbid disorders and that the impact of hypothyroidism and comorbidity on HRQoL is synergistic. Presence of comorbidity was based on data obtained using structured questionnaires, physical examination, biochemical measurements and verified medication use. Single morbidities were clustered into 14 different disease domains. HRQoL was measured using the RAND-36. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effect of TH use on the odds of having an affected disease domain and a lower score than an age- and sex-specific reference value for HRQoL. TH was used by 4537/14,7201 participants of the population-based Lifelines cohort with a mean (± s.d.) age of 51.0 ± 12.8 years (88% females). Eighty-five percent of the TH users had ≥1 affected disease domain in contrast to 71% of nonusers. TH use was associated with a higher odds of 13 out of 14 affected disease domains independent of age and sex. In a multivariable model, TH use was associated with a decreased HRQoL across six out of eight dimensions. No significant interactions between TH use and affected disease domains were observed. TH users with an impaired HRQoL had significantly more comorbidity than those not having an impaired HRQoL. In this large, population-based study, we demonstrated that TH users had more comorbidity than individuals not using TH. The coexistence of other chronic medical conditions in subjects with TH use led to further lowering of HRQoL in an additive manner.

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Vanderlan O Batista Division of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Michael Kellner Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Walter Lisboa Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil

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André Faro Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil

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Lucas B Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Enaldo V Melo Statistics division, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Alécia A Oliveira-Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Carla R P Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Viviane C Campos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Cynthia S Barros-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Elenilde G Santos Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Nathalie O Santana Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Keila R Villar-Gouy Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Ângela C Leal Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Rivia S Amorim Division of Geriatrics, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Davi A Oliveira Simões Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Individuals with untreated isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a mutation in the GHRH receptor gene from Itabaianinha Brazil have increased insulin sensitivity, normal life expectancy, and an extended health span, i.e. the period of life free from disabilities. We hypothesize that their prolonged health span is accompanied by a delayed cognitive decline in senescence. To test this hypothesis, we have administered the Literacy-Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) to 15 IGHD individuals aged over 50 years and 15 controls matched by age, sex, years of education, and percentage of illiteracy. All individuals were negative for HIV and syphilis serology, and there were no differences in serum levels of folate, vitamin B12 and TSH between the two groups, while free T4 was higher in the IGHD group. IGHD subjects had a higher total LICA score than controls, 215 (22.7) vs 204.2 (18.1), without reaching statistical significance. Scores of memory, visuoconstruction, language and calculation were similar between the two groups, with better attention (9.5 (1.4) vs 8.3 (1.1), P = 0.01) and executive function (38.3 (4.8) vs 35.1 (2.5), P = 0.03) scores in IGHD. MANCOVA revealed that group (but no age) had a significant effect on the LICA variables (partial eta squared of 0.455, power of 0.812, P = 0.02). This effect is verified on attention (partial eta squared 0.216, power of 0.749, P = 0.01) and executive function (partial eta squared 0.154, power of 0.570, P = 0.03. In conclusion, IGHD in senescence is associated with similar total cognitive performance but better attention and executive function than controls.

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Peiwen Wu Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

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Dongjie He Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Hao Chang Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Xiaozhi Zhang Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

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Background

Updated epidemiological data of neuroendocrine tumors are currently lacking. Thus, we performed epidemiological and survival analyses on a large cohort of patients with neuroendocrine tumors and developed a new nomogram to predict survival.

Methods

This population-based study examined 112,256 patients with neuroendocrine tumors between 2000 and 2018 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Results

The age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 persons of neuroendocrine tumors increased from 4.90 in 2000 to 8.19 in 2018 (annual percentage change, 3.40; 95% confidence interval, 3.13–3.67), with the most significant increases in grade 1, localized stage, and appendix neuroendocrine tumors. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 3.1-fold from 2000 to 2018 (annual percentage change, 4.14; 95% confidence interval, 3.14–5.15). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year relative survival rates for all neuroendocrine tumors were 80.5%, 68.4%, and 63.5%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that male sex; older age; Black, American Indian, and Alaska Native populations; earlier year of diagnosis; lung neuroendocrine tumors; higher grades; and later stage were associated with a worse prognosis and that disease stage and grade were the most important risk factors for prognosis. Furthermore, we established a nomogram to predict the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates, and its discrimination ability was better than that of the TNM classification.

Conclusions

The incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of neuroendocrine tumors continued to increase over the last two decades. Additionally, the nomogram could accurately quantify the risk of death in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and had good clinical practicability.

Open access
Chaiho Jeong Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Bongseong Kim Department of Medical Statistics, Soongsil University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jinyoung Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hansang Baek Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Mee Kyoung Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Tae-Seo Sohn Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Ki-Hyun Baek Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Ki-Ho Song Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyun-Shik Son Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Kyungdo Han Department of Medical Statistics, Soongsil University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyuk-Sang Kwon Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Objective

Real-world-based population data about the optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level for preventing cardiovascular disease in very high-risk populations is scarce.

Methods

From 2009 to 2012, 26,922 people aged ≥ 40 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were analyzed. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance System were used. They were followed up to the date of a cardiovascular event or the time to death, or until December 31, 2018. Endpoints were recurrent PCI, newly stroke or heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. Participants were divided into the following categories according to LDL-C level: <55 mg/dL, 55–69 mg/dL, 70–99 mg/dL, 100–129 mg/dL, 130–159 mg/dL, and ≥ 160 mg/dL.

Results

Compared to LDL-C < 55 mg/dL, the hazard ratios (HR) for re-PCI and stroke increased linearly with increasing LDL-C level in the population < 65 years. However, in ≥ 65 years old, HRs for re-PCI and stroke in LDL-C = 55–69 mg/dL were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1.11) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.79–2.23), respectively. The optimal range with the lowest HR for heart failure and all-cause mortality were LDL-C = 70–99 mg/dL and LDL-C = 55–69 mg/dL, respectively, in all age groups (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91–1.08 and HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.81–1.01).

Conclusion

LDL-C level below 55 mg/dL appears to be optimal in T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease aged < 65 years, while an LDL-C level of 55–69 mg/dL may be optimal for preventing recurrent PCI and stroke in patients over 65 years old.

Open access
Sommayya Aftab Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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Diliara Gubaeva Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia

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Jayne A L Houghton The Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK

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Antonia Dastamani Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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Ellada Sotiridou Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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Clare Gilbert Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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Sarah E Flanagan Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK

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Anatoly Tiulpakov Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia

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Maria Melikyan Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia

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Pratik Shah Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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Background

Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is the second most common type of congenital hyperinsulinism caused by an activating GLUD1 mutation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and long-term neurological outcomes in children with HI/HA syndrome.

Method

This study is a retrospective review of patients with GLUD1 mutation, treated at two centers in the UK and Russia, over a 15-year period. Different risk factors for neuro-developmental disorders were analysed by Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact P test.

Results

We identified 25 cases with GLUD1 mutations (12 males). Median age of presentation was 7 months (12 h–18 months). Hypoglycaemic seizures were the presenting feature in 24 (96%) cases. Twenty four cases responded to diazoxide and protein restriction whilst one patient underwent partial pancreatectomy. In total, 13 cases (52%) developed neurodevelopmental manifestations. Epilepsy (n = 9/25, 36%), learning difficulties (n = 8/25, 32%) and speech delay (n = 8/25, 32%) were the most common neurological manifestation. Median age of presentation for epilepsy was 12 months with generalised tonic-clonic seizures being the most common (n = 4/9, 44.4%) followed by absence seizures (n = 3/9, 33.3%). Early age of presentation (P = 0.02), diazoxide dose (P = 0.04) and a mutation in exon 11 or 12 (P = 0.01) were associated with neurological disorder.

Conclusion

HI/HA syndrome is associated with wide spectrum of neurological disorders. These neurological manifestations were more frequent in cases with mutations affecting the GTP-binding site of GLUD1 in our cohort.

Open access
Hélène Singeisen Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland

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Mariko Melanie Renzulli Institute of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland

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Vojtech Pavlicek Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland

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Pascal Probst Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland

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Fabian Hauswirth Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland

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Markus K Muller Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland

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Magdalene Adamczyk Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Achim Weber Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Reto Martin Kaderli Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Pietro Renzulli Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland

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Objective

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) is caused by a CDKN1B germline mutation first described in 2006. Its estimated prevalence is less than one per million. The aim of this study was to define the disease characteristics.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 criteria. A literature search from January 2006 to August 2022 was done using MEDLINE® and Web of ScienceTM.

Results

Forty-eight symptomatic patients fulfilled the pre-defined eligibility criteria. Twenty-eight different CDKN1B variants, mostly missense (21/48, 44%) and frameshift mutations (17/48, 35%), were reported. The majority of patients were women (36/48, 75%). Men became symptomatic at a median age of 32.5 years (range 10–68, mean 33.7 ± 23), whereas the same event was recorded for women at a median age of 49.5 years (range 5–76, mean 44.8 ± 19.9) (P  = 0.25). The most frequently affected endocrine organ was the parathyroid gland (36/48, 75%; uniglandular disease 31/36, 86%), followed by the pituitary gland (21/48, 44%; hormone-secreting 16/21, 76%), the endocrine pancreas (7/48, 15%), and the thyroid gland (4/48, 8%). Tumors of the adrenal glands and thymus were found in three and two patients, respectively. The presenting first endocrine pathology concerned the parathyroid (27/48, 56%) and the pituitary gland (11/48, 23%). There were one (27/48, 56%), two (13/48, 27%), three (3/48, 6%), or four (5/48, 10%) syn- or metachronously affected endocrine organs in a single patient, respectively.

Conclusion

MEN4 is an extremely rare disease, which most frequently affects women around 50 years of age. Primary hyperparathyroidism as a uniglandular disease is the leading pathology.

Open access
Mohamed Hssaini Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

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Sana Abourazzak Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Ihsane El Otmani Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco

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Mohamed Ahakoud Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Amina Ameli Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Laila Bouguenouch Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco

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Hicham Bekkari Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

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Background

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) encompass a wide range of conditions. Their clinical spectrum and etiological diagnosis have not been reported in Moroccan patients.

Aims

The study aims to highlight the clinical spectrum, etiological diagnosis, and management of patients with DSD.

Subjects and methods

This is a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with DSD under the age of 18 years, who were referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology Department and the Medical Genetics Laboratory at HASSAN II University Hospital of Fez between June 2018 and June 2023.

Results

Out of 57 patients, 54.4% (n = 31) were diagnosed with 46,XX DSD, the most common type, while 45.6% (n = 26) had 46,XY DSD. Patients with 46,XX DSD presented earlier than those with 46,XY DSD, at a median age of 0.08 years and 0.96 years, respectively. The most commonly reported complaint was atypical genitalia. At the first presentation, the sex of rearing was already assigned to 26 males and 27 females. All patients with 46,XX DSD were diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) at a median age of diagnosis of 0.92 years. Of these, 11 patients were raised as males. Disorders of androgen action or synthesis were more common in XY patients (69.2%). The consanguinity rate was 46.5%, and there were 19 cases with a positive family history, with 10 siblings having died.

Conclusion

DSD are not rare in Morocco. Overall, CAH remains the most frequent DSD etiology. Molecular genetic analyses are needed to determine the accurate etiological distribution of DSD, especially in XY patients.

Open access
Theodoros Karampitsakos Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ATTIKON University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fotini Kanouta Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ALEXANDRA University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Christos Chatzakis Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IPPOKRATEIO General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, Athens, Greece

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Vassilios Bakoulas Athens, Greece

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Alexandros Gryparis Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Petros Drakakis Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ATTIKON University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Djuro Macut Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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George Mastorakos Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Introduction

To investigate whether synthetic (s) glucocorticoids (GCs) administered between the 24th and the 34th gestational weeks in pre-term labor might precipitate labor, studies on sGCs administration were reviewed. The physiology of endogenous glucocorticoid-related increase in fetal–maternal circulation and its association with labor, followed by a scoping review of studies on exogenous sGCs administered for fetal lung maturation and the timing of labor, were included.

Materials and methods

The methodology of systematic reviews was followed. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched until October 2023, for original studies investigating the administration of sGCs in pregnancies risking pre-term labor. Duplicates were removed, and 1867 abstracts were excluded as irrelevant. Six controlled and four non-controlled studies were included. The index group consisted of 6001 subjects and 7691 controls in the former, while in the latter, the index group consisted of 2069 subjects.

Results

In three out of the six controlled studies, gestational age at labor was significantly lower in sGC-treated women than in controls, while in three studies, gestational age at labor was lower in sGC-treated women than in controls, with a trend toward statistical significance. In one study, gestational age at labor was significantly lower in controls than in sGC-treated women. In the non-controlled studies, the majority of women delivered less than 1 week from the day of sGC administration.

Conclusions

In this scoping review, studies lack homogeneity. However, in the controlled studies, a pattern of earlier labor emerges among sGC-treated pregnant women. The use of multiple courses of antenatal sGCs appears to be associated with precipitated labor. Their use should be carefully weighed. Carefully designed trials should examine this ongoing scientific query.

Open access